Calculate the heat needed to raise the temperature of 20 g of the substance from -70°C to 20°C. Refer to the heating curve below generated from heating a solid sample. 500 400 350 300 200 100 B -40 C A Time, min Specific heat (solid): 0.50 J/g•°C Heat of fusion: 5 J/g Specific heat (liquid): 1.0 J/g•°C Heat of vaporization: 200 J/g Specific heat (gas): 0.75 J/g•°C Temperature, °c ILL_I.

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States of Matter

The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates). 

Chemical Reactions and Equations

When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.