Calculate the present value of net benefits assuming the benefits are realized at the end of each of the four years. Also, draw the timeline of benefits and costs. * Do we need included 'CCTV will be replaced by a new one' in fourth year in calculation.
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- When red light cameras are installed at high-risk intersections, rear-end collisions go up, but all other types of accidents go down, including those involving pedestrians. Analysis of traffic accidents in a northwestern city revealed that the total number of collisions at a group of selected photo-enhanced intersections decreased from 33 per month to 18. At the same time, the number of traffic tickets issued for red light violations averaged 1100 per month, at a cost to violators of $85 per citation. The cost for the contractor to install the basic camera system at the selected intersections was $750,000. For analysis purposes, use an interest rate of 0.5% per month and a 3-year study period. The cost of a collision is estimated at $41,000 and traffic ticket costs are considered as disbenefits. (a) Calculate the B/C ratio for the camera system from the perspective of the city. (b) The contractor has proposed to operate and maintain the system, plus provide collected violation data to…When red light cameras are installed at high-risk intersections, rear-end collisions go up, but all other types of accidents go down, including thoseinvolving pedestrians. Analysis of traffic accidents in a northwestern city revealed that the total number of collisions at photo-controlled intersections decreased from 33 per month to 18. At the same time, the number of traffic tickets issued for red light violations averaged 1100 per month at an average cost to violators of $85 per citation. The cost to install the basic camera system at selected intersections was $750,000. If the cost of a collision is estimated at $41,000 and traffic ticket costsare considered disbenefits, calculate the B/C ratio for the camera system. Use a discount rate of 0.5% per month and a 3-year study period.A city government adds street lights within its boundaries at a total cost of $300,000. The lights should burn for at least 10 years but can last significantly longer if maintained properly. The city sets up a system to monitor these lights with the goal that 97 percent will be working at any one time. During the year, the city spends $48,000 to clean and repair the lights so that they are working according to the specified conditions. However, it spends another $78,000 to construct lights for several new streets in the city. Describe the various ways these costs could be reported on government-wide statements. 33P The City of Francois, Texas, has begun the process of producing its current comprehensive annual financial report (CAFR). Several organizations that operate within the city are related in some way to the primary government. The city’s accountant is attempting to determine how these organizations should be included in the reporting process. What is the major criterion for…
- A city government adds street lights within its boundaries at a total cost of $300,000. The lights should burn for at least 10 years but can last significantly longer if maintained properly. The city sets up a system to monitor these lights with the goal that 97 percent will be working at any one time. During the year, the city spends $48,000 to clean and repair the lights so that they are working according to the specified conditions. However, it spends another $78,000 to construct lights for several new streets in the city.Describe the various ways these costs could be reported on government-wide statements.In 2016, the city of Abu Dhabi collected $24 million in fines from motorists because of traffic violations caught by red-light cameras. The cost of operating the system was $14.5 million. The net profit, that is, profit after operating costs, is split equally (that is, 50% each) between the city and the operator of the camera system. What will be the rate of return over a 3-year period to the contractor that paid for, installed, and operates the system, if its initial cost was $10 million and the profit for each of the 3 years is the same as it was in 2016? Should the company invest in this project at MARR of 15% per year?A growing city of 60,000 has an intersection near the south end of the main business district. The north-south street has no traffic control at that intersection, and the east-west intersecting street has only stop signs.There have been a few accidents in recent years and it has been estimated that a traffic light can provide benefits of $55,000 per year in reduced property loss and disabling injuries, increasing by $2,500 per year.The disbenefits of the traffic light include cost of fuel and time delays, amounting to an estimated $24,000 per year, increasing by $2,000 per year. The installation cost of the traffic light is estimated to be $120,000 with maintenance and electricity running $6,000 in the first year and increasing by $300 per year over a time horizon of 10 years. It is anticipated that the intersection will need to be redesigned at that time and the traffic light removed and sold to a nearby small community for a net salvage value of $4,000. The discount rate is 7%. Is…
- A city government adds streetlights within its boundaries at a total cost of $355,000. These lights should burn for at least 10 years but can last significantly longer if maintained properly. The city develops a system to monitor these lights with the goal that 97 percent will be working at any one time. During the year, the city spends $49,800 to clean and repair the lights so that they are working according to the specified conditions. The city also spends another $86,200 to construct lights for several new streets. Prepare the entries assuming infrastructure assets are capitalized with depreciation recorded on government-wide financial statements. Prepare the entries assuming infrastructure assets are capitalized with government using the modified approach on government-wide financial statements.Basuras Waste Disposal Company has a long-term contract with several large cities to collect garbage and trash from residential customers. To facilitate the collection, Basuras places a large plastic container with each household. Because of wear and tear, growth, and other factors, Basuras places about 200,000 new containers each year (about 20% of the total households). Several years ago, Basuras decided to manufacture its own containers as a cost-saving measure. A strategically located plant involved in this type of manufacturing was acquired. To help ensure cost efficiency, a standard cost system was installed in the plant. The following standards have been established for the products variable inputs: During the first week in January, Basuras had the following actual results: The purchasing agent located a new source of slightly higher-quality plastic, and this material was used during the first week in January. Also, a new manufacturing process was implemented on a trial basis. The new process required a slightly higher level of skilled labor. The higher- quality material has no effect on labor utilization. However, the new manufacturing process was expected to reduce materials usage by 0.25 pound per container. Required: 1. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Compute the materials price and usage variances. Assume that the 0.25 pound per container reduction of materials occurred as expected and that the remaining effects are all attributable to the higher-quality material. Would you recommend that the purchasing agent continue to buy this quality, or should the usual quality be purchased? Assume that the quality of the end product is not affected significantly. 2. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Compute the labor rate and efficiency variances. Assuming that the labor variances are attributable to the new manufacturing process, should it be continued or discontinued? In answering, consider the new processs materials reduction effect as well. Explain. 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Refer to Requirement 2. Suppose that the industrial engineer argued that the new process should not be evaluated after only one week. His reasoning was that it would take at least a week for the workers to become efficient with the new approach. Suppose that the production is the same the second week and that the actual labor hours were 9,000 and the labor cost was 99,000. Should the new process be adopted? Assume the variances are attributable to the new process. Assuming production of 6,000 units per week, what would be the projected annual savings? (Include the materials reduction effect.)Biotechtron, Inc., has two research laboratories in the Southwest, one in Yuma, Arizona, and the other in Bernalillo, New Mexico. The owner of Biotechtron centralized the legal services function in the Yuma office and had both laboratories send any legal questions or issues to the Yuma office. The legal services support center has budgeted fixed costs of 160,000 per year and a budgeted variable rate of 65 per hour of professional time. The normal usage of the legal services center is 2,600 hours per year for the Yuma office and 1,400 hours per year for the Bernalillo office. This corresponds to the expected usage for the coming year. Required: 1. Determine the amount of legal services support center costs that should be assigned to each office. 2. Since the offices produce services, not tangible products, what purpose is served by allocating the budgeted costs? 3. Now, assume that during the year, the legal services center incurred actual fixed costs of 163,000 and actual variable costs of 272,400. It delivered 4,180 hours of professional time2,580 hours to Yuma and 1,600 hours to Bernalillo. Determine the amount of the legal services centers costs that should be allocated to each office. Explain the purposes of this allocation. 4. Did the costs allocated differ from the costs incurred by the legal services center? If so, why?
- A large mudslide caused by heavy rains will cost Sabino County $1,000,000 per occurrence in lost property tax revenues. In any given year, there is one chance in 100 that a major mudslide will occur. A civil engineer has proposed constructing a culvert on a mountain where mudslides are likely. This culvert will reduce the likelihood of a mudslide to near zero. The investment cost would be $50,000, and annual maintenance expenses would be $2,000 in the first year, increasing by 5% per year thereafter. If the life of the culvert is expected to be 20 years and the cost of capital to Sabino County is 7% per year, should the culvert be built?A municipal police department has decided to acquire an unmanned dronefor aerial surveillance of a high-crime region of their city. Three mutually exclusive drones are being studied and their data are provided below. All alternatives are expected to have negligible market (salvage) values at the end of five years. The police department’s MARR is 8% per year. Which droneshould be selected?Washington City created an Information Technology department four years ago to centralize information technology (IT) functions for the city. The goal of the department was to reduce costs, avoid duplication of efforts, and provide up-to-date technology to all of the city’s operations. The fund was designed to be self-supporting; that is, all costs are to be recovered through user fees, but any excess of fees over expenses should be less than 4 percent. The preclosing trial balance for the IT department as of last year, is shown below. Debits Credits (in thousands) Cash $ 14,600 Due from Other Funds 4,730 Materials and Supplies Inventory 410 Machinery and Equipment 54,700 Accumulated Depreciation $ 31,000 Accounts Payable 2,690 Due to Federal Government 2,740 Due to Other Funds 1,210 Net Position—Net Investment in Capital Assets 23,700…
