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Can you help me understand figure 4.23 regarding Flagella and Cilia?

Can you help me understand figure 4.23 regarding Flagella and Cilia?

Biology 2e
Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Chapter22: Prokaryotes: Bacteria And Archaea
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 2VCQ: Figure 22.16 Which of the following statements is true? Gram-positive bacteria have a single cell...
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Can you help me understand figure 4.23 regarding Flagella and Cilia?

Flagella Propel Cells, and Cilia Move Materials over the Cell Surface Flagella and cilia (singular, cilium) are elongated, slender, motile structures that extend from the cell surface. They are identical in structure except that cilia are usually shorter than flagella and occur on cells in greater numbers. Whiplike or oar- like movements of a flagellum propel a cell through a watery medium, and cilia move fluids over the cell surface. Flagella: Flagella beat in smooth, S-shaped waves that travel from base to tip. Cilia: Cilia beat in an oarlike power stroke (dark orange) followed by a recovery stroke (light orange). 94 Base Tip UNIT ONE MOLECULES AND CELLS A bundle of microtubules extends from the base to the tip of a flagellum or cilium (Figure 4.22). In the bundle, a circle of nine double microtubules surrounds a central pair of single microtubules, forming the 9 + 2 complex. Dynein motor pro- teins slide the microtubules of the 9 + 2 complex over each other to produce the movements of a flagellum or cilium (Figure 4.23). Flagella and cilia arise from the centrioles. The barrel- shaped centrioles contain a bundle of microtubules similar to 10 μm 2 μm FIGURE 4.23 Flagellar and ciliary beating patterns. The micrographs show a few human sperm, each with a flagellum (top), and cilia from the lining of an airway in the lungs (bottom). ⒸCengage Leaming 2017 Waving and bending mechanism: The waves and bends are produced by dynein motor proteins, which slide the microtubule doublets over each other. An examination of the tip of a bent cilium or flagellum shows that the doublets extend farther toward the tip on the side toward the bend, confirming that the doublets actually slide as the shaft of the cilium or flagellum bends. Straight Link Bent
Transcribed Image Text:Flagella Propel Cells, and Cilia Move Materials over the Cell Surface Flagella and cilia (singular, cilium) are elongated, slender, motile structures that extend from the cell surface. They are identical in structure except that cilia are usually shorter than flagella and occur on cells in greater numbers. Whiplike or oar- like movements of a flagellum propel a cell through a watery medium, and cilia move fluids over the cell surface. Flagella: Flagella beat in smooth, S-shaped waves that travel from base to tip. Cilia: Cilia beat in an oarlike power stroke (dark orange) followed by a recovery stroke (light orange). 94 Base Tip UNIT ONE MOLECULES AND CELLS A bundle of microtubules extends from the base to the tip of a flagellum or cilium (Figure 4.22). In the bundle, a circle of nine double microtubules surrounds a central pair of single microtubules, forming the 9 + 2 complex. Dynein motor pro- teins slide the microtubules of the 9 + 2 complex over each other to produce the movements of a flagellum or cilium (Figure 4.23). Flagella and cilia arise from the centrioles. The barrel- shaped centrioles contain a bundle of microtubules similar to 10 μm 2 μm FIGURE 4.23 Flagellar and ciliary beating patterns. The micrographs show a few human sperm, each with a flagellum (top), and cilia from the lining of an airway in the lungs (bottom). ⒸCengage Leaming 2017 Waving and bending mechanism: The waves and bends are produced by dynein motor proteins, which slide the microtubule doublets over each other. An examination of the tip of a bent cilium or flagellum shows that the doublets extend farther toward the tip on the side toward the bend, confirming that the doublets actually slide as the shaft of the cilium or flagellum bends. Straight Link Bent
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