Cancer cells treated with vitamin E succinate are generally more vulnerable to rupture of their lysosomal membranes (and subsequent apoptosis) than are normal cells, because: cancer cells often have an acidic cytosol, and their lysosomes have an acidic pH too cancer cells often have an acidic cytosol, but their lysosomes have an alkaline pH cancer cells often have an alkaline cytosol, and their lysosomes have an alkaline pH too cancer cells often have an alkaline cytosol, but their lysosomes have an acidic pH all of the above

Cancer cells treated with vitamin E succinate are generally more vulnerable to rupture of their lysosomal membranes (and subsequent apoptosis) than are normal cells, because: cancer cells often have an acidic cytosol, and their lysosomes have an acidic pH too cancer cells often have an acidic cytosol, but their lysosomes have an alkaline pH cancer cells often have an alkaline cytosol, and their lysosomes have an alkaline pH too cancer cells often have an alkaline cytosol, but their lysosomes have an acidic pH all of the above

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter9: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3ITD

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Why do cancer cells treated with vitamin E succinate appear to be more vulnerable to rupture of their lysosomal membranes (and subsequent apoptosis) than normal cells? cancer cells often have an alkaline cytosol, which destabilizes the alkaline lysosomes cancer cells often have an alkaline cytosol, which destabilizes the acidic lysosomes cancer cells often have an acidic cytosol, which destabilizes the alkaline lysosomes D. cancer cells often have an acidic cytosol, which destabilizes the acidic lysosomes all of the above
Why do cancer cells treated with vitamin E succinate appear to be more vulnerable to rupture of their lysosomal membranes (and subsequent apoptosis) than normal cells? A. cancer cells often have an alkaline cytosol, which destabilizes the acidic lysosomes B. cancer cells often have an alkaline cytosol, which destabilizes the alkaline lysosomes C. cancer cells often have an acidic cytosol, which destabilizes the acidic lysosomes D. cancer cells often have an acidic cytosol, which destabilizes the alkaline lysosomes E. all of the above
You are investigating a lysosomal storage disease and you discover that newly synthesized lysosome hydrolases (proteins that should be sent to the lysosome) are secreted from the cells rather than being delivered to the lysosomes (where they should normally be located). What is the most likely explanation for this finding? (Hint: what might be different about the proteins that would cause them to not end up in the correct location?)
In some eukaryote organisms, myocytes are a type of stem cell that become Muscle cells. These cells filled with a protein called myosin. Such cell products are stored in cell structures that are formed from: A) the nucleus, B) from the smooth ER as vesicles, C) are engulfed into the cell by phagocytosis, D) are released from the cell by the process of Exocytosis, E) the lysosomes.
Many of the cell’s hydrolytic enzymes are located in the lysosome, where the pH is ∼5. What would you expect to be the optimum pH for these enzymes, and why would this protect the rest of the cell from the destructive power of these enzymes upon the accidental rupture of a lysosome?
In addition to vitamin A (retinoic acid), which other fat-soluble vitamin has been shown to make lysosomal membranes more unstable and vulnerable to rupture (when the cytosol is acidic)? vitamin E (in the form of a-tocopheryl succinate) vitamin B12 (in the form of cyanocobalamin) vitamin C (in the form of ascorbic acid) vitamin B2 (in the form of riboflavin) vitamin B1 (in the form of thiamine)
Answer Structures Function Centrioles 1. Composed of proteins and rRNAs Cytosol 2. Region in prokaryotes contains a chromosome 3. ring of nine outer microtubule doublets (9+2 axoneme) Plasma membrane 4. Support the cell and protect against plasmolysis Ribosome 5. Composed of glycoprotein(s) and involved in transferring material into or out of the cell Transporters 6. contain hydrolytic enzymes and involved in autophagy Receptor 7. Composed of microtubules and sweep mucus out of respiratory tract 14 Peroxisome 8. Controls which material can get in or out of the cell 2 Nucleoid 9. Contains chromosomes and has nuclear envelope 3 Cilia 10. Maintain membrane fluidity 11. contains…
Answer Structures Function Centrioles 1. Composed of proteins and rRNAs Cytosol 2. Region in prokaryotes contains a chromosome Golgi complex 3. ring of nine outer microtubule doublets (9+2 axoneme) Plasma membrane 4. Support the cell and protect against plasmolysis Ribosome 5. Composed of glycoprotein(s) and involved in transferring material into or out of the cell Transporters 6. contain hydrolytic enzymes and involved in autophagy Receptor 7. Composed of microtubules and sweep mucus out of respiratory tract Peroxisome 8. Controls which material can get in or out of the cell Nucleoid 9. Contains chromosomes and has nuclear envelope Cilia 10. Maintain membrane fluidity 11. contains necessary enzymes for that…
Taxol, derived from the Pacific Yew tree, was one of the first effective anti-cancer compounds discovered. It acts by inhibiting microtubule depolymerization. Which of the following is a likely cellular side effect of treatment with Taxol? Increased exocytosis Loss of pseudopod formation in white blood cells Decreased endocytosis Increased cell size
Which of the following proteins would you expect to be translated by a ribosome associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum? A. A potassium channel that localizes to the plasma membrane B. Pyruvate kinase (a protein involved in glycolysis) C. A component of RNA polymerase II (a.k.a. RNA Polymerase 2) D. A component of DNA polymerase
What would happen to the cytoskeleton if you replaced all of the normal GTP in cells with a chemical variant of GTP that behaves in every way like normal GTP except that it cannot be hydrolyzed to GDP? It would prevent BOTH polymerization and depolymerization of microtubules. It would prevent microtubule polymerization. It would NOT affect EITHER polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. It would prevent microtubule depolymerization.
Secretory vesicles (destined for exocytosis) that fuse with the plasma membrane continuously, with no requirement for hormones or any other environmental signal, are properly referred to as: the v-SNARES constitutive secretory vesicles (like those that carry lipids, such as phosphatidylcholine) the endosomes regulated secretory vesicles (like those that carry hormones, such as insulin) the t-SNARES