Classify cach statement as either true or false. A tournament compensation scheme is subject to ability risk. Josephina receives the largest bonus because she had the highest sales last month. Jana had the second highest sales and receives the second largest bonus. This is an example of a tournament compensation scheme. Professors who grade on a curve are using a tournament compensation scheme. Answer Bank true false 000
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- a. On a graph with the probability of injury on the x-axis and the wage level on the y-axis plot two indifference curves, labeled UA and UB, so that the person associated with UA is less willing to take on risk relative to the person associated with UB. Explain what it is about the indifference curves that reveals person A is less willing to take on risk relative to person B. b. Consider a third person who doesn’t care about the risk associated with the job. That is, he doesn’t seek to limit risk or to expose himself to risk. On a new graph, draw several of this person’s indifference curves. Include an arrow on the graph showing which direction is associated with higher levels of utility. c. Consider a wage-risk equilibrium that is characterized by an upward-sloping hedonic wage function. Now suppose there is a government campaign that successfully alters people’s perception of risk. In particular, each worker adjusts her preferences so that she now needs to be more highly compensated…The more risk-averse the worker, a. the shallower the wage-risk indifference curves when risk is graphed on the x-axis. b. the more productive they are relative to risk-loving workers. c. the more willing they are to work in riskier environments for a relatively low small in the wage. d. the greater the wage decrease the worker would be willing to accept in exchange for a safer work environment. e. the less willing they are to work in risky environments regardless of the wageConsider a variant of the benchmark model of adverse selection. The types of workers (θ) are uniformly drawn from the unit interval [0,1]. A θ-type worker can produce θ units of some product if he is hired by firms. (Workers are the only input in the production.) The price of the product is normalised as 1. Before entering the labor market, workers decide whether to secure some certificate at a cost c ∈ (0, 1) or not. The certificate can fully reveal a worker’s type and he then decides whether to show it to firms or not. If a θ-type worker decides to quit the labor market, he can earn θ/4 from self-employment. Find the competitive equilibrium. (Hint, if a θ-type worker obtains the certificate and shows it to firms, he will receive a wage of θ from the market. For sure, he can also decide to join the labor market without obtaining or showing the certificate.)
- A risk-neutral plaintiff in a lawsuit must decide whether to settle a claim or go to trial. The defendants offer $50,000 to settle now. If the plaintiff does not settle, the plaintiff believes that the probability of winning at trial is 50% if the plaintiff wins, the amount awarded to the plaintiff is X Will the plaintif settle if x is $62,500? What if X-$250,000? What is the critical value of X that would make the plaintiff indifferent between setting and going to trial? it the plaintiff were risk averse instead of risk neutral, would this critical value of X be higher or lower? If the amount to be awarded at trial with a win (X) were $62,500, then the plaintiff would settle If the amount to be awarded at trial with a win (X) were $250,000, then the plaintiff would not settle The critical value of X that would make the plaintiff indifferent between settling and going to trial is $ (Enter your response using rounded to wo decimal places)Actuaries perform the crucial task of estimating the time paths and probability distributions of costs and revenues for different insurance contracts. Becoming an actuary takes several years, and involves passing a series of rigorous examinations given either by the Society of Actuaries or by the Casualty Actuarial Society. Usually, the individual works for an insurance company while studying for the exams, and the company gives the individual time off to study for the exams. Passing an exam usually results in a significant pay increase. a) Do actuaries have general or firm-specific human capital? b) Who “pays for” the worker’s time off to study for the exams? Choose one answer and explain. · the worker does, by accepting a lower salary · the firm does, to invest in the worker’s human capital c) Why does the individual get a pay increase after passing each exam? Why not evaluate the employee once per year, like many companies do?Paul has a utility function of U =[ i to the power 1/2] with income measured in thousands. He will get a job that either pays 25 thousand a year or 64 thousand a year. What is his expected utility, expected payoff, the utility of his expected payoff, and her risk premium? Additionally, plot Paul's utility and income. Show and label his utility curve, his expected utility, and risk premium.
- Scenario 2 Tess and Lex earn $40,000 per year and all earnings are spent on consumption (c). Tess and Lex both have the utility function ( sqrt c) . Both could experience an adverse event that results in earnings of $0 per year. Tess has a 1% chance of experiencing an adverse event and Lex has a 12% chance of experiencing an adverse event. Tess and Lex are both aware of their risk of an adverse event. Refer to Scenario 2 Calculate Lex’s and Tess' expected utilities without insurance. (each one separated) Round to two decimal places for bothConsider the model of competitive insurance. Peter is a risk averse individual with the utility function u(w) = w0.5. His current wealth is $300 and with probability 1/2 he will incur a loss of D = $240, but with probability 1/2 he will incur no loss. Ann has the same utility u(w) = w0.5 and current wealth $300 as Peter, but a different probability of loss: she will incur a loss of D = $240 with probability 0.3, and no loss with probability 0.7. In the separating equilibrium Peter is offered actuarially fair full insurance contract, so his wealth is equal to $180, whether loss happens or not. What amount of insurance (approximately) will Ann be offered an insurance contract with?Would this be d? Dan, age 19, may have trouble buying auto insurance at a low price because insurance companies a)operate in markets in which screening is inefficient. b)fear that he has private information that his deductible is too high. c)have private information that his signals are valid. d)have private information that he is a risky driver. e)fear that he has private information that he is a risky driver.
- There two major types of market asymmetry; these are MORAL HAZARD and ADVERSE SELECTION. Please explain as comprehensively as you can and give/cite example for each of them. Using the theories you learned in Managerial Economics, how will solve or deal with such market asymmetry involving moral hazard and/or adverse selection?Following are the results of a study that used a case–control design. This study evaluated factors associated with admission to college. A total of 650 students were admitted to college (cases), and they were compared to 650 students who were not admitted to college (controls). The purpose of this study was to identify factors that are associated with the likelihood of being accepted into college. (8 questions) Results of a Hypothetical Study of Factors Related to Admission to College Factor Odds Ratio Female gender 1.4 Alcohol consumption 0.5 Sedentary life 1.0 Smoking 0.4 Illicit drug use 0.2 Regular sports practice 2.1 True or False regarding this case–control study. Being female was…Question 18 Job-specific human capital In this problem, based on a simplified version of the model in Bhattacharya and Sood (2006), we will explore how linking employment and health insurance provision can (partially) solve the adverse selection problem if the labor market is competitive. Suppose that there are two types of workers – sickly workers with probability ps of falling ill over the course of the next year, and robust workers with probability pr < ps of falling ill. Employers cannot observe whether a worker is sickly or robust, and because of US law they can only decide to offer health insurance to all of their workers, or none at all. We will assume that a just-hired employee is less productive than an employee who has more experience; let MPn be the marginal value product of new employees, and MPe > MPn be the marginal value product of experienced employees. In this simple model, marginal value product depends only on experience, not on whether a worker is sickly or…