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- Compare and contrast the energy inputs and outputs of Fermentation & Aerobic Respiration / Oxidativephosphorylation.
- Explain how lipids and proteins are catabolized and energy harvested thru pathways shared with glucose
metabolism . - Describe and explain the cellular locations and processes of Energetic Coupling (at least 2 types!) that occur in the Light Reactions and "Dark" Reactions of Photosynthesis.
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- The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)Calculate the energy cost of the Calvin cycle combined with glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, that is, the ratio of the energy spent synthesizing starch from CO2 and photosynthetically produced NADPH and ATP to the energy generated by the complete oxidation of starch. Assume that each NADPH is energetically equivalent to 2.5 ATP and that starch biosynthesis and breakdown are mechanistically identical to glycogen synthesis and break down.ATP energy molecules are synthesized during the oxidative phosphorylation of cellular respiration in mitochondria and the light reaction of photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Using the diagram below as a guide, compare and contrast the mechanisms of ATP synthesis in the two processes.
- Use drawings, flow charts, or a table to compare and contrast the energy inputs and outputs during each phase of aerobic respiration vs. fermentation. Be sure to directly discuss inputs and outputs of BOTH processes. Include all phosphorylated compounds and high-energy electron carriers, and briefly EXPLAIN HOW these are produced at each stage of respiration. WHERE does each stage happen? Explain HOW energy from high energy electron carriers is converted to ATP during respiration in mitochondria or aerobic bacteria.Compare the reactants, products, and energy yield of the 3 stages of cellular respiration. (You are NOT responsible for all the intermediate steps. For example: know that glucose is split into 2 molecules of pyruvate in glycolysis, 2 net ATPs are produced and 2 NADH pick up energy that will be used in the final step of cellular respiration).Identify the oxidized and reduced forms of the following pairs: O2/H2O NO2- / NO3- NADP+ / NADPH FMN / FMNH2 α-ketoglutarate / isocitrate ___________________________________________________________________________ In photosynthesis, where in the chloroplast does the accumulation of protons occur as a result of the electron transport? Is this answer lumen of thylakoids?
- Compare the mechanism of ATP production in photosynthesis and cellular respiration (aerobic and anaerobic). State the differences and similaritiesWhich of the four stages of aerobic cellular respiration is most similar to the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis? Explain.What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis? Discuss why (1) Sunlight and water are required for photosynthesis, and (2) Which molecule is reduced, and which is oxidized. Describe in detail the structure and function of the electron transport chain. Discuss how the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle act synergistically to produce food for plants.
- Identify the key metabolic process for step I and the key metabolic process for step II and briefly explain how each process promotes movement of carbon through the cycle. For each process, focus on the role of energy in the movement of carbon. Compare how stages in cell respiration and photosynthesis accomplish this. Do they share any common stages or pathways on conversion of carbon to energy?Provide a simplified schematic presentation of how electrons are transported in the mitochondria (electron transport chain) to generate the proton motive force (oxidative phosphorylation) in order to clarify energy production from NADH and FADH2. Clearly indicate the location and direction of electron and proton flow.discuss some similarities and differences between the combustion of glucose and the metabolism of glucose through cellular respiration
