Compare and contrast the entry step of the viral reproductive cycleof phage λ and HIV.

Q: A virologist develops a drug that specifically targets step 5 of the reproductive cycle of an…

A: The viral life cycle consists of six  stages such as -   (i) Attachment  (ii) Penetration  (iii)…

Q: Compare and contrast the composition of a viral genome to that of a cellular organism’s genome.

A: Microbiology is the study of living organisms which cannot be seen through naked eyes (microbes).…

Q: Compare and contrast the viruses that cause influenza and COVID-19

A: Compare :  Both covid 19 and influenza spread from one person to another through close contact.…

Q: Which of the following events occurs in the lytic cycle of bacteriophage T4 infection but NOT in the…

A: The viruses that infect bacterial cells are referred to as bacteriophages. There are two types of…

Q: Why it is important to know the steps of multiplication of a eukaryotic virus?

A: It is important to know the steps of multiplication of eukaryotic virus to differentiate viruses as…

Q: In your own words, explain how damage to the host cell's DNA can trigger latent bacteriophage to…

A: DNA:  Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil…

Q: How do HIV’s ability to use reverse transcription and integration into the host’s genome?

A: HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme is involved in viral reverse transcription that converts the viral…

Q: Please explain the mechanism of transposition in the bacteria and virus

A: Transposons (Transposable elements) are a type of mobile genetic element characterized by their DNA…

Q: Refer to the illustration below, Identify the part that is labelled B A B. О Нead Capsid O capsomere…

A: Infection refers to the entry of microorganisms into a host body followed by the multiplication of…

Q: briefly describe four explanations why E. coli phages can only infect E. coli cells, but not other…

A: Question - briefly describe four explanation why E.coli phage can only infect E.coli cells, but not…

Q: Why are lytic viruses better suited as agents of “phage therapy” thanare lysogenic viruses? How…

A: Phage therapy means the use of phages to cure a particular disease. Phages are the specific virus…

Q: Compare and contrast the life cycles of influenza virus and HIV virus.

A: Introduction:- Virus is a small, simple infectious agent that can only reproduce in live cells of…

Q: Review virus structure and virus replication Match the term and its description an infectious…

A: Viruses are the most cunning microorganisms that always hijack the host organism and thus replicates…

Q: What are the Multiplication Cycles in Animal Viruses?

A: A virus should use cell processes to duplicate. The infectious agent replication cycle will turn out…

Q: Describe why the attachment step in a viral reproductive cycle isusually specific for one or just a…

A: A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells. Once inside a…

Q: During this COVID 19 pandemic, in addition to vaccine production, how could biotechnology provide…

A: Introduction :- Biotechnology is the development of techniques for the application of biological…

Q: A prophage occurs during the reproduction cycle of Select one: O A. A lysogenic virus. O B. Alytic…

A: Viruses possess two types of life cycle: lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle. The lysogenic cycle of…

Q: What is an envelope? What are spikes (peplomers)? Why do some enveloped viruses have pleomorphic…

A: A virus is a microorganism that has an infectious property. It cannot reproduce by itself.

Q: Explain how retroviruses function. Be sure to address the role of reverse transcriptase in the…

A: Viruses are microscopic infectious agents that can replicate only inside living host cells. They can…

Q: Viruses replicate their genomes in the nucleus ofthe host cell. Explain why or why not.

A: A virus is a small infectious agent that can’t be seen through the unaided eyes. The viruses contain…

Q: Compare a viral lytic cycle and a viral lysogenic cycle.

A: Introduction :- Virus are very small pathogenic agents . Viruses can be DNA viruses or the RNA…

Q: Diagram & compare the reproductive cycles of Bacteriophages & animal Viruses.

A: Bacteriophage are the viruses which infect bacterial cell.

Q: Enumerate the five stages of viral replication ang briefly discuss each stage.

A: Viruses are the small infectious agents. Viruses are the type of obligate intracellular parasite.…

Q: Is the coronavirus (covid) likely to establish latency in those who have tested positive or have had…

A: A chronic virus can go into latency. This is when a virus is present within a cell, but not actively…

Q: During the late stage T4 phage infection, the phage DNA is synthesized by Select one: O a. the DNA…

A: Bacteriophages are viruses that have bacterial as host cells.

Q: Summarize the HIV replication cycle, and list the types ofcells this virus infects.

A: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV…

Q: After attachment and entry, the next step of viral lifecycle is to…

A: To complete their life cycle, the viruses require a host cell. This is due to the fact that they…

Q: Why is it essential that negative-strand viruses carry an enzymein their virions?

A: Negative-strand viruses are RNA viruses that have a negative sense genome that is single stranded…

Q: Describe the infective process of a bacteriophage as it attacks a cell.

A: The virus that infects bacteria is known as Bacteriophage. These bacteriophages infects host cell in…

Q: Draw a diagram of the one-step growth curve ofvirus replication, and briefly explain why the…

A: The bacteria and viruses are totally different from each other. They are different from each other…

Q: Can Cytomegalovirus (CMV) release any toxicant? What I mean is if the virus perform any kind of…

A: Cmv releases toxins which can cause various infection in stomach, liver, intestine, and other…

Q: Lysogeny: happens when phage DNA is incorporated into the host cell genome happens when the burst…

A: Bacteriophage is a virus which infects bacterias. When they enters the bacterial cell they either…

Q: Describe the reproductive cycle of a retrovirus, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

A: Introduction  Viral infections are very harmful to mankind. In the post century where we faced the…

Q: Describe the 5 steps of viral infection process. During the synthesis step, what 2 major cellular…

A: The major steps in viral infection process include attachment where the virus attaches to the…

Q: explain briefly the steps involved in the viral multiplication cycle. How is each step important?…

A: The virus is an intracellular obligate infective agent that mainly consists of a nucleic acid…

Q: What is a prophage, a provirus, and an episome? What is theircommon role in a viral reproductive…

A: The virus is the subatomic particle that does not replicates independently and depends on host…

Q: Explain how HIV is reverse transcribed and integrated intothe DNA of the host cell.

A: AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is an immune-suppressive disease caused by a virus named…

Q: Why do some viruses replicate in some anatomical sites and not in others?  Name an example and the…

A: Viruses are acellular parasitic organisms that are thought to be known living outside the host cell.…

Q: draw the Life cycle of the AIDS virus

A: Viruses are small, obligate, intracellular particles which can be seen only with the electron…

Q: Differentiate a segmented genome from the genome of a retrovirus

A: Viruses are particles composed of capsid and genome.

Q: Compare and contrast the reproductive cycles of phage λ and HIV.

A: Viruses are the obligate parasites, non-cellular particles made up of genetic material and the viral…

Q: Which of the following terms is used for the stage of viral replication primarily responsible for…

A: Viruses are infectious agents that are tiny in size. Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasitic…

Q: Describe the steps in the production of multinucleate giant cellsduring a viral infection.

A: A cell is the fundamental unit of life. All living organisms are made up of one or many cells. The…

Q: Discuss retroregulation and its significance in the biology of bacteriophage lambda during: a)…

A: Introduction Retroregulation can be defined as the control of gene expression from sites distal to…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.