Consider a dynamic domino logic circuit shown below. Suppose that each transistor has an internal gate capacitor Cg and drain capacitor CD: CG= CoxW L; Cp= (CoxW L)/2; Cox=0.1 pF/um2. Equivalent resistor for an NMOS transistor: RN=(12kQ) / (W/L)N Equivalent resistor for a PMOS transistor: Rp=(24kQ) / (W/L)P Suppose that all four CMOS inverters are identical with same WN-In and Wp-In Values. WNi=Wn2=WN3=lu_ _Wpi=2u, Wp-h=2u, WN-n=lu, L=lu for all transistors. VIN=|VTP|=1V, VDD=5V. VDD VDD MP1 Mp2 CLK OUT-2 OUT-1 X1 MN3 MNS X2 MN2 CLK MN4 Cascaded Dynamic Circuits a) Derive a Boolean expression ofƒ in terms of x, and x, in evaluation phase. b) Find the value of WNs if VoUT-1=4.5V as a result of charge sharing (problem). c) Find the worst case tpHL for OUT-1. Suppose that all input transitions happen in pre- charge phase and each circuit node has an initial voltage value of either 0V or 5V. d) Find the values of Wp2 and WN4 if the worst case tpHL for OUT-1, calculated in c), is same the clock delay (total delay of two cascaded inverters).

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Three-Phase Transformers

Three-segment transformers are a type of transformer used to transform voltages of electrical systems into three ranges. Two type transformers are shell-type transformer and core type transformer. In brief, it could be described because of the exquisite kinds of configurations.

Transformer

Ever since electricity has been created, people have started using it in its entirety. We see many types of Transformers in the neighborhoods. Some are smaller in size and some are very large. They are used according to their requirements. Many of us have seen the electrical transformer but they do not know what work they are engaged in.