Consider a program that accesses a single I/O device and compare unbuffered I/O to the use of a buffer. Show that the use of the buffer can reduce the running time by at most a factor of two.
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- Consider a paging system with the page table stored in memory.a. If a memory reference takes 400 nanoseconds, how long does a paged memoryreference take?b. If we add TLBs, and 95 percent of all page-table references are found in the TLBs,what is the effective memory reference time? (Assume that finding a page-table entry inthe TLBs takes zero time, if the entry is there.)(b) Consider a paging system with the page table stored in memory. If a memory referencetakes 200 nano seconds, how long does a paged memory reference take? If we add a TLB,and 75% of all page references are found in the TLB, what is the effective memory referencetime? (Assume that it takes zero time to find an entry in the TLB if it is already present).Subject code rcs509 Consider a system having 64 frames and there are four processes with the following virtual memory sizes: v(1) = 16, v(2) = 128, v(3) = 64 and v(4) = 48. Find the frame allocation using equal and proportional allocations.
- For our byte-addressable computer, we opted for a fully associative mapping that allows for 32 cache memory blocks and 16 bits for main memory addresses. If the size of each block is 16 bits, then the following is correct:Find out how many bytes the offset field takes up (a).(B) Measure the size of the tag field in pixels.Consider a system with N bytes of physical RAM, and M bytes of virtual address and frames are K bytes in size. The number of pages is equal:Suppose a two layer memory hierarchy has a 4 clock pulse hit time, a 35 clock pulse miss penalty, and the miss ratio is 20%. What is the AMAT (in number of clock pulses)?
- Consider a system with pages of size 512. If an address in binary is: 0011 1001 0111 0111 The offset is (in base 10 - decimal)? and the virtual page number is (in base 10 - decimal)?Suppose we have a computer with the following characteristics: the magnetic disk has an accesslatency of 15 milliseconds and a streaming transfer rate of 5 megabytes per second. For the disk described,what is the effective transfer rate if an average access is followed by a streaming transfer ofa. 1024 bytesIt is given that on a system, on average, an instruction executes in 1 nano second. Suppose that it takes 20 micro seconds of processor time for page fault. While, it takes 300 micro seconds of disk time for reading and writing a single page. Suppose that on average 1/3 of the pages that need to be paged out are modified. What is the average number of instructions between page faults that would cause the disk to be busy doing page transfers all the time?
- Considering the problem such as Bounded-Buffer, discuss your thoughts on process synchronization.Suppose that a magnetic disk has an average seek time of 4 ms, a rotation rate of 5400 RPM, a transfer rate of 50 MB/second, a sector size of 512 bytes, and controller overhead of 2 ms. What is the average amount of time to read a single sector?Consider a paging system with the page table stored in memory. Memory access takes 200 nanoseconds. If we add associative registers (a TLB), and 75 percent of all page table references are found in associative registers, then the effective memory reference time is__ns Assume that finding a page-table entry in the TLB takes zero time.