Consider an uncongested freeway. Which of the following statements is true? a. There are too many cars on the freeway in equilibrium relative to the social optimum. O b. There are the same number of cars on the freeway in equilibrium relative to the social optimum. O c. There are too few cars on the freeway in equilibrium relative to the social optimum.
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- Assume your apartment complex decides to build new open access common area for its residents. Each individual has value for using the common area represented by the following value function: V= 40-0.5Q where Q represents the number of individuals using the common area. The marginal value function is: MV= 40-Q Assume each individual’s opportunity cost of time is $8 [e.g. MC=8] A) How many people use the common are at the social optimum? B) Calculate the net value (NV) at this social optimum. C) What characteristic of the good must be changed in order to avoid over use of the common area?Suppose that 2 roommates, Andy and Bob, are trying to pick an apartment in Chicago. Locations can be chosen from set of alternatives A={ x: x exists [0,1]}. Andy and Bob both want to minimize their daily commute but they work at different locations: Andy at xA=0.3, while Bob at xB=0.6. Specifically, their utility functions are: ui(x)= -(x-xi)2. Question: What is the set of all Pareto Efficient outcomes in A, assuming no money can be exchanged.Assume you like to drive but dislike pollution (who says economists lackunderstanding of reality!).(a) On a graph with pollution on the vertical axis, draw your indifferencecurves between driving (in miles) and pollution (in globs of pollution).Be sure to indicate the direction of increasing utility.(b) Suppose that for every 10 miles you drive, you always must breathin exactly 1 unit of pollution. Draw this as a “budget constraint".(Hint: here are some points on the constraint: (0,0), (10,1), etc...)(c) Illustrate graphically where the optimal consumption bundle will liewith an appropriately drawn indifference curve.(d) Under what circumstances would the optimal bundle contain zeropollution. Again, draw this possibility on a graph. Answer all four
- Question 3 Person 1 can allocate her 8-hour day between the production of two goods A and B. Each hour devoted to Good B yields 2 units whereas each hour devoted to Good A produces 4 units. a) State whether 9units of Good B and 12 units of Good A are attainable, unattainable, efficient or inefficient. (State all that applies) b) Person 2, can produce3 units of Good B or 4 units of Good A per hour who has the absolute advantage in the production of Good B? c) who has the absolute advantage in the production of Good A? d) Calculate the opportunity cost for Good B for Person 2 e) Calculate the opportunity cost for Good A for person 1 f) who has the comparative advantage in the production of Good B? g) who has the comparative advantage in the production of Good A?Match each diagram in Figure 1 with its description here.Assume that the economy is producing or attempting toproduce at point A and that most members of society likemeat and not fish. Some descriptions apply to more than one diagram, and some diagrams have more than onedescription.a. Inefficient production of meat and fishb. Productive efficiencyc. An inefficient mix of outputd. Technological advances in the productionof meat and fishe. The law of increasing opportunity costf. An impossible combination of meat and fishWhat factors would a political economy perspective emphasize in explaining the choice to devote more resources to fossil fuels? f. Many political economists point out that economies in the real world are not fully utilizing all available resources i.e. they are not producing at a point on the PPF. If this is true, what is the opportunity cost of devoting more resources to renewable energy? Explain clearly.
- o ensure all students are protected from getting the flu this year, your school offers free flu shots. What type of externality exists in this example? Question 16 options: Negative consumption externality. Negative production externality. Positive production externality. Positive consumption externality. Neutral externality.Supposeg1increases, but stillc1+b1+g1<1. Using a graph of the goods market, show how we would represent an increase in the value ofg1on equilibrium output y. Be sure to label all axes, curves, and equilibrium points. Suppose instead,c1+b1+g1= 0. Is the equilibrium in the goods market still possible? If so, what is the equilibrium output? You must explain your answer to receive full credit.You are about to sign-up for a movie streaming service and are trying todecide how many movies you should subscribe to. Each movie you stream costs $4.00. How many movies should you watch based on the table below, which represents the marginal benefits of streaming a certain amount of movies?Movies Streamed Marginal Benefit1 $7.002 $5.503 $4.504 $3.505 $2.006 $1.50
- jamie has $100 that he can spend on milk and gas. A gallon of milk costs $5.However, government gives its citizens a coupon that entitles people to 20%discount on their first 10 gallon milk purchases. Gas costs $4 per gallon andgovernment charges $1 for each gallon of purchased gas. Jamies utility functionis U (x, y) = 9x+10y, where x and y represent gallons of milk and gas consumed,respectively. What is Jamies optimal consumption of milk and gas?Part bIf government removes the quantity restriction to which the coupon applies (i.e.20% discount is applied to any quantity of milk purchased), what will be jamieoptimal consumption?Please answer all parts it would mean alot. For the rest of this question consider a two goods economy where Kim and Jung can trade Ferraris (good x) and VR headsets (good y) with each other. Kim and Jung both enjoy driving Ferraris and having more VR headsets (so more friends can play the same game). They start at the same (high) level of income. Kim has an initial endowment of (x0k, y0k) = (10,30) and Jung has an initial endowment of (x0j, y0j) = (30,10) a) Illustrate the initial endowment in an Edgeworth box. Clearly label the axes and explain the dimensions of the box. Show the indifference curve each of them is on at the endowment point. b) Consider an allocation where Kim gets (xk, yk) = (40,40) and Jung gets the remaining Ferraris and VR headsets. Show where this point is in the Edgeworth box. Is this allocation Pareto efficient? Is it equitable? How likely is this to arise in practice? c) Assume that Kim has preferences Uk (Xk, Yk) = 3Xk + 3Yk and Jung has…Assume a market for fertilizers, and let D denote the demand of fertilizers while S their supply. The inverse demand is p = 10 - q, and the supply is MC = q. The marginal damage created by runoff water being exposed to fertilizers is MEC = q/2 The use of fertilizers is creating an externality and the government wishes to intervene in the market. Use a figure to depict the competitive outcome. Derive the competitive equilibrium outcome. Use a second figure to explain the negative externality attributed to the use of fertilizers. The use of fertilizers improves yield, but it also damages the underground aquifer. What is the Pigovian Tax? Use a figure to explain. Can it be used to correct for the externality? Derive the Pigovian tax and characterize the social optimum solution. Can a standard achieve the social optimum? What about a quota? Explain using a figure. Explain and show step-by-step for last two questions please!