are goods that are available free to all consumers once they are produced. - Commodities O Logrolls O Most-favored outcomes O Socially acceptable goods O Public goods
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- In 2006, the Australian Government incorporated research into corporate social responsibilities to determineif there is a need to include social and environmental responsibilities within the Corporation Act throughamendment procedure. It was decided not to incorporate a particular regulation through legislation, insteadrely upon the 'market forces' to encourage companies to do the 'right thing'. This viewpoint was expressedthat if companies did not look after the environment or did not act in a socially responsible manner, peoplewould not want to consume the organisations' products. From the equity market perspective, potentialinvestors would not want to invest in the organisations, and further workers wouldn't want to work for them,and so forth. Because companies were aware of such market forces, they would do the 'right thing' even inthe absence of legislation.Requirement:1) Using theories such as Public Interest Theory, Capture Theory and Economic Interest Group Theoryto critically…Please helo me with this question There are 50 residents that live in a small town in California. Each resident uses electricity and there is one power station that produces electricity for the residents from coal. Each residents' demand for electricity is Q = 10 - 2P and the supply function for the power plant is Q = 150P. For each unit of electricity that the power station produces, there is a corresponding release of pollution that leads to asthma and other health problems for the 50 residents. The marginal damage of each unit of electricity produced, per person, is $.05. a. What is the market equilibrium price and quantity per unit of electricity? b. What is the efficient Pigouvian tax per unit of pollution? c. The government of this small California town decides to impose the efficient Pigouvian per unit tax on the power station. What is the new social optimum price and quantity per unit of electricity? d. What is the government tax revenue? e. What is the gain in total…Q4. (a) If you are a firm owner who is operating in the perfect competitive market, you areproducing socially efficient outcome. Does it imply that your profits are zero? If you become amonopolist then why do you deviate from the socially efficient outcome? b) In Delhi, as the winter season is approaching, how will it affect the demand function and themarket equilibrium of sweater market? Now after that if the price of wool increases how will themarket equilibrium be affected?
- You are about to sign-up for a movie streaming service and are trying todecide how many movies you should subscribe to. Each movie you stream costs $4.00. How many movies should you watch based on the table below, which represents the marginal benefits of streaming a certain amount of movies?Movies Streamed Marginal Benefit1 $7.002 $5.503 $4.504 $3.505 $2.006 $1.50Q.1 in case of positive externality, the rule for the Social welfare Maximization. Select one: O.a. None of these options O.b. MB MC O.C. MB-MSC O.d. MSB MC Clear my choice Q. 2 Market mechanisms are unlikely to provide Select one: O.a. None of these options O.b. nonrival goods efficiently. O.c. Supply and Demand O.d. prices. Q. 3 When it will be difficult to reach o privote solution for m Solect one Oa externolitios invisible b transoctions costs low c transoctions costs high dexteholities viiblee CleaLmY cbaiceConsider an economy with n consumers, one privategood and one public good. We think of the private good as “all othergoods,” and measure it in terms of money. There are n individuals inthe economy with utility functions Ui(xi, y) = αi ln y + xi, where y is thepublic good, xi is the private good consumed by individual i = 1, . . . , n,and 0 < α1 < α2 < · · · < αn are parameters. Initial endowment of privategood of each consumer is given by wi. We donote the aggregate endowment 1of the private good by w =Pi wi. The cost of producing the public good is c(y) = cy for some c > 0. Find the optimal provision of the public good as well as how much is provided under voluntary contributions.
- Suppose that a firm’s emissions and Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) data are summarized in thetable below. e MAC 0 200 10 180 20 160 30 140 40 120 50 100 60 80 70 60 80 40 90 20 100 0 a. If the price of a pollution permit is $100, how many permits will the firm need? Explain.b. Suppose that the price of a pollution permit increases to $120, how many permits will thefirm need? Explain.c. With this new price of $120, will the firm’s emissions increase or decrease? By howmuch? Explain.d. Can the firm sell any permits? If so, what is the revenue generated from permit sales?Explain.Suppose the demand for standard sized bottled water in the US is Qd=120-30.5P where Qd is monthly quantity demanded in millions and P is the price per bottle in dollars and cents. If the marginal private cost (MPC) of producing the bottled water is one dollar, calculate the market equilibrium quantity. Explain what a constant marginal cost implies. Does that mean the total opportunity cost of producing bottled water is unrelated to how many are produced? Let’s assume that the marginal private benefit (MPB) of bottled water equals the marginal social benefit (MSB). Explain what that means. At the equilibrium calculated in part A, what do you know about buyers’ willingness to pay in each transaction?Consider the model of a rational consumer that cares about consumption of private goods and consumption of broadcast public television (a public good). Suppose that the total level of broadcast public television provided through voluntary contributions is 10 hours of programming. Then the government decides to raise money through a tax and provide 10 hours of programming to the public. What would we predict about crowd-out of voluntary contributions to broadcast public television when government does this? How would the answer change if consumers get warm glow utility from donating to broadcast public television in addition to utility from the public television itself? (Be specific.)
- 2. Assume the market demand for cigarettes is as follows: Price per pack 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 Quanti ty (packs per day) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Suppose further that smoking creates external costs valued at 50 cents per pack. a. Draw the social and market demand curves b. At 3.50 per pack, what quantity is demanded in the market? 50 packs c. What is the socially optimal quantity at that price? ? d. How large would a tax need to be in order to bring about this socially optimal level? ?What is an external benefit? An external benefit is a benefit that OA. always equals external cost OB. experiences increasing marginal returns C. affects someone other than the buyer of a good OD. is greatest at the equilibrium pointAssume you like to drive but dislike pollution (who says economists lackunderstanding of reality!).(a) On a graph with pollution on the vertical axis, draw your indifferencecurves between driving (in miles) and pollution (in globs of pollution).Be sure to indicate the direction of increasing utility.(b) Suppose that for every 10 miles you drive, you always must breathin exactly 1 unit of pollution. Draw this as a “budget constraint".(Hint: here are some points on the constraint: (0,0), (10,1), etc...)(c) Illustrate graphically where the optimal consumption bundle will liewith an appropriately drawn indifference curve.(d) Under what circumstances would the optimal bundle contain zeropollution. Again, draw this possibility on a graph. Answer all four
