Consider that the Herd Immunity Threshold is dependent on the reproduction number for an infectious disease. The combination of herd immunity and quarantines were highly effective for eradicating smallpox. What is different about the symptoms of polio infection that makes quarantining infected individuals much more difficult?

Q: For which disease are active and passive immunization givensimultaneously?a. influenza b. yellow…

A: Active immunization refers to immunization by vaccination in which the body responds to antigens in…

Q: Give an immunological explanation as to why people can getinfluenza every year even though they have…

A: Immunity is the balanced state of multicellular organisms having adequate biological defense to…

Q: Explain the concept of Adult Vaccinations ?

A: Adults need to stay up with the latest since immunity from youth antibodies can wear off after some…

Q: Describe Inovo-vaccination and list 2 benefits.

A: Vaccination is the process by which a small quantity of an antigen is introduced into a body so that…

Q: A study by the CDC reported that only 73% of children in some areas of the United States are being…

A: Vaccination is the procedure of injecting a lesser pathogen or a disease's weakened antigen into a…

Q: Part A Describe the three types of transmission-based precautions recommended by the Centers for…

A: When standard precautions alone do not completely prevent communicable disease transmission,…

Q: vaccine protein for Rabies

A: Inactivated vaccines Another common method to make the pathogen to be used sage in a vaccine is by…

Q: What are 3 good reasons that a greater proportion of the population must be vaccinated to stop the…

A: Measles is a contagious disease which is caused by a rubeola virus of paramyxoviriade family which…

Q: Apply the concept of herd immunity to public health in your community

A: When a majority of the people in the community are immune to a contagious disease, it offers…

Q: Why would adults be more likely to have an allergy to an insect venom than a child? Give one…

A: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction,  which occurs in body as response to insect venom.

Q: Compare and contrast the development of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in AIDS patients and in…

A: Meningitis is the infection of the membranes lining the spinal cord and skull. Cryptococcal…

Q: gory that is common during upper respiratory virus infections is: Production of antibodies…

A: Skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system that covers the body and provides three main…

Q: Which nonspecific host defense is associated with the trachea?a. lacrimation b. ciliary lining c.…

A: A pathogen is an organism that causes disease. Generally, the term pathogen is used to describe an…

Q: Even though the oral polio vaccine is not used in the developed world, it is still widely used in…

A: Poliomyelitis is an infectious disease. It is caused by the poliovirus. It is the most enduring…

Q: List four benefits of fever.

A: Fever is the most common presenting complaint in the medical practice. It is defined as a body…

Q: State the principle of vaccination. How can vaccines be used to prevent microbial infections? Write…

A: To answer this question we should have knowledge of immunology.

Q: Prevention of rabies in humans involves passive immunity and active immunity.   True or False

A: The given statement is true as rabies prevention in humans involves passive as well as active…

Q: Why is AIDS difficult toprevent by vaccination?

A: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a condition that causes damage to the immune system of…

Q: Describe the medical guidelines for vaccination, its side eff ects, and how it relates to herd…

A: Before approval for human. Vaccine should tested on various number of people for its effect and side…

Q: The common herbs tarragon and thyme both contain caffeic acid, which is effective against viruses,…

A: Caffeic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative and polyphenol found naturally in a wide range of…

Q: Based on the graph below, which of the following statements are true? Select all that apply. 107…

A: Acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which…

Q: Viruses have countered the specific immune defense systems by developing “disabling” or “evasion”…

A: Answer :- As we know that It is deep rooted that the viruses have developed wide assortment of…

Q: Describe the clonal selection theory in human physiology and it's application to rubeola infection…

A: Measles is caused by Rubeola virus, which belongs to the Paramyxovirus family. It is an acute…

Q: Describe some factors that weaken host defenses and increase susceptibility to infection.

A: Introduction   We are surrounded by various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungus etc. Every…

Q: A study by the CDC reported that less than 80% of children in someareas of the United States are…

A: Vaccines are biological preparations that help to provide an active acquired immunity by inducing an…

Q: a. Explain the general relationships of the vector, the reservoir, andthe agent of infection. b. Can…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: Describe the medical guidelines for vaccination, its side effects,and how it relates to herd…

A: Vaccination can be defined as exposing an individual to material that is immunogenic but not…

Q: The adaptive immune system has a memory. How does this memory improve the host’s response in…

A: The adaptive immune system is also known as acquired immunity and it uses specific antigens to…

Q: How does the immune response to yearly flu differ from that of the avian flu? How does this relate…

A: Yearly flu or seasonal flu is caused by influenza virus. It causes symptoms like fever, running…

Q: Discuss artificially acquired active immunity. Give at least 5 reason why or not vaccines are a good…

A: Immunology is the branch of science which deals with the study of the immune system, immune response…

Q: There are serum samples from people who tested positive for the SARS-CoV2 virus and have now…

A: After infection, B cells become activated through various pathways( directly or indirectly ) and…

Q: Describe one way the immune system could respond when it is exposed to the genetically altered…

A: Answer:  IMMUNE SYSTEM = It is the system of any human being which describes the immunity.  IMMUNITY…

Q: Which vaccine utilizes intact Bordetella pertussis cells to initiate animmune response?a. DTaP b. DT…

A: VACCINE:-Louis Pasteur culture bacteria causing Cholera and showed chickens injected with this…

Q: Give an example of immunological memory in invertebrates.

A: The immune system is a bodily system which consists of white blood cells, and organs and tissues of…

Q: What is the mechanism by which the AIDS virus causes deficiency of immune system of the infected…

A: Aids js acquired immuno deficiency syndrome which is caused by the HIV virus (human immuno…

Q: Compare and contrast herd immunity from vaccination between pneumococcal pneumonia and COVID-19.

A: Answer :: Pneumococcal pneumonia :- Pneumosil indigenous pneumococcal vaccine Recently, the first…

Q: Researchers are using lentivirus to deliver fetal hemoglobin genes to individuals with sickle cell…

A: Gene therapy is used to correct defective genes in order to cure a disease or help your body better…

Q: Describe how are malaria parasites able to evade an immune respone during an infection.

A: Malaria is a disease caused by a mosquito-a bite that affects humans and other animals. It causes…

Q: Describe the specifi c components of acquired immunity that would be necessary to control rabies…

A: Introduction  Immunity: it is the property/capability of our system to fight against the harmful…

Q: Give an immunological explanation as to why people can get infl uenza every year even though they…

A: A type of medicine that trains the body's immune system so that it can fight a disease it has not…

Q: Many colleges require students to receive a vaccination before allowing them to live in their…

A: Meningitis is the swelling of the protective membrane (meninges) of the spinal cord and the brain.…

Q: Describe the three ways acquired immune tolerance develops in the vertebrate host

A: Acquired Immune tolerance is defined as a state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to…

Q: Briefly describe how antigenic shifts occur and can lead to the generation of pandemic influenza…

A: It is a common viral infection that can be deadly especially in high risk groups. It attacks the…

Q: Describe the specific components of acquired immunity that wouldbe necessary to control rabies…

A: Immune system provides immunity or protection against foreign substances by involving specific…

Q: Is an organism named Hookworm is a Can adapt and acquire immunity to pathogens?

A: Animal physiology is the systematic study of the supporting features, roles, and processes of…

Q: Explain the sensitization phenomenon

A: The nervous framework is a profoundly mind boggling part of a creature that facilitates its…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.