Describe the three ways acquired immune tolerance develops in the vertebrate host

Q: Identify which of the following immune responses is pivotal to the killing and elimination of…

A: The helminths are a type of parasite that has a worm-like structure. They survive by feeding on the…

Q: What is meant by parasitic immunity? Give its implications. Cite an example.

A: Immunology is a part of science that covers the investigation of immune frameworks taking all things…

Q: How can an extracellular bacterium be targeted by a particular T cell response? Describe the…

A: T cells (also called T lymphocytes) are one of the major components of the adaptive immune system.…

Q: . Diagram the sequences of events in immediate hypersensitivity

A: Immediate hypersensitivity is also termed type I hypersensitivity. It is a type of allergic reaction…

Q: compare the innate and acquired immunity

A: Immune system: These are the system responsible for protecting the body from foreign pathogens and…

Q: Traditionally, acquired immunity is considered a characteristic of vertebrate immune systems.…

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: Compare the types of antigens recognized by the innateversus the adaptive immune system.

A: An antibody is a protein element of the immune system which circulates in the blood, identifies…

Q: Adaptive Immunity Briefly describe the adaptive immune response to Canine Parvovirus .

A: Adaptive immunity is likewise referred to as acquired immunity or particular immunity and is only…

Q: Describe some ways in which cytotoxic T cells destroytarget cells.

A: Answer- There are many different types of the T- lymphocytes. One of them is Cytotoxic T cells. They…

Q: Compare and contrast the response to T-dependent antigens and T-independent antigens.

A: Those antigens that evoked the production of the plasma and memory B cells are known as T dependent…

Q: Write down the main differences between central and peripheral immune tolerance.

A: Immune system is composed of a complex network of cells, tissues and organs that fight against and…

Q: . Compare and contrast positive and negative selection of T-lymphocytes and what is meant by central…

A: Lymphocytes -- These are small round cells  with a prominent nucleus which distinguish  them from…

Q: One theory for long-lasting immunity assumes that humans arecontinually exposed to the…

A: All the living organisms are prone to infection by disease-causing agents but also have the…

Q: Compare and contrast tissues, cells, molecules and secretions of the Innate Defenses with those…

A: 1.Natural or innate immunity  It is a non specific and is considered as the first line of defence…

Q: Prevention of rabies in humans involves passive immunity and active immunity.   True or False

A: The given statement is true as rabies prevention in humans involves passive as well as active…

Q: Compare and contrast the immunologic reactions involved in types I through IV hypersensitivities.

A: Ans: Hypersensitivities: It is the undesirable response or reactions elicited by the normal immune…

Q: Are individuals born and raised in a rural developing country more likely to have a more effective…

A: The immune response produced by TH1 cells towards intracellular parasites such as bacteria and…

Q: Compare and contrast the general principles of innate and adaptive immunity

A: These can be caused by a pathogen or any other foreign agent. This function is carried out by the…

Q: Describe the medical guidelines for vaccination, its side effects,and how it relates to herd…

A: Vaccination can be defined as exposing an individual to material that is immunogenic but not…

Q: Discuss three mechanism by which antibody mediate the destruction of pathogen.

A: Antibody An antibody(Ab) is a large protein molecules. The structure of antibody molecule is Y…

Q: Briefly describe how activated cytotoxic T cells can kill virus-infected cells

A: Cytotoxic T cells  Commonly called CTLs are generated by the activation of T cells of WBC. The…

Q: Explain ways in which the innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific) immune responses cooperate to…

A: Immunity is the ability of an individual to recognize the “self” molecules that make up one's own…

Q: Name the 2 categories of adaptive immunuty and note if the category provides immunity to…

A: ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY It is type of immunity that is generated by the body after its exposure to an…

Q: Diagram the sequence of events by which a virus-infected cell is attacked and destroyed by cytotoxic…

A: Introduction: B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes are the types of lymphocytes produced in the bone…

Q: Give an example of immunological memory in invertebrates.

A: The immune system is a bodily system which consists of white blood cells, and organs and tissues of…

Q: Explain the following: Human skeleton plays a role in immunity. Males tend to have bulkier or…

A: Skeleton bone size and sturdiness differes between the two sexes. It starts from early childhood as…

Q: Describe immunity providing at least 4 examples of clients who may have low levels of Immunitg

A: Introduction: An individual is said to have a lack of immunity or be immunocompromised when their…

Q: Consider that the Herd Immunity Threshold is dependent on the reproduction number for an infectious…

A: Few important terms are as follows: Contagious disease : Disease that spread from one person to…

Q: Explain the 5 phases (stages) in the adaptive immune response by B cells.

A: Adaptive immune response:                    Acquired immune system a subsystem of the immune system…

Q: Compare and contrast the most common infections in individuals with defects in cell-mediated immune…

A: Introduction :- Antibody molecules released by plasma cells serve as the mediators of the humoral…

Q: Give examples and short description of the four types of hypersensitivity

A: Hypersensitivity is a condition when the immune system of the body responds hyperactively to the…

Q: Describe the events in sensitization and provocation.

A: Hypersensitivity is an inappropriate immunological response of the immune system that is harmful to…

Q: Mature T-lymphocytes that have completed their “training” accumulate in which of the following…

A: Immune system is system which helps our body to fight against the foreign substances which will…

Q: Compare and contrast herd immunity from vaccination between pneumococcal pneumonia and COVID-19.

A: Answer :: Pneumococcal pneumonia :- Pneumosil indigenous pneumococcal vaccine Recently, the first…

Q: Compare and contrast type I and type IV hypersensitivity as to mechanism, symptoms, eliciting…

A: An allergy is the response of the immune system to any foreign substance. This immune response is…

Q: Give ONE example of how a defect in a T Reg cell could lead to an immunological disorder or disease.

A: T-lymphocytes or the T-cells play a crucial role in fighting against the foreign particles. T-cell…

Q: List the steps in the development of a secondary immune response.

A: Antigens are substances that activate the immune system of the body. Antibodies are antigen-binding…

Q: lain the reason that T-cells are so critical in recognizing and destroying virally-infected host…

A: When an antigen is phagocytized and harmful antigens are presented on the cell membrane of the…

Q: All of the following represent characteristics of the adaptive immune system EXCEPT

A: Adaptive immune system : It is called as 'acquired immune system' and is sub system of the immune…

Q: Differentiate the immune system of plants and animals.

A: Immunity is the tendency of the body to protect itself from foreign organisms or substances. The…

Q: The basic strategy used by the adaptive immune system is: when a lymphocyte encounters the…

A: * Adaptive immunity consists of antigen specific responses adapted to specific pathogen which are…

Q: Explain the difference between basic T cells and B cells as they relate to a vaccine. Additionally,…

A: Lymphocytes are the major components of the human immune system. T cells and B cells are the two…

Q: Construct a concept map that describes the cells, organs, secreted proteins ("humoral" elements),…

A: Immunity is the body's defense system that acts against harmful pathogens and other foreign…

Q: Give two examples of external innate immunity in humans.

A: Innate immune system also known as nonspecific immune system is made up of barriers which are  known…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.