Consider the following model. Expenditure is given by: E=C+I+G. The consumption function is specified as: C = c0 +cY. We assume a closed macroeconomics system so that: Y=E. If the model parameters are configured such that I= 500, G=2000, c0-1000 and c=0.8, what will the level of consumption expenditure, C, be equal to? a. 4,375 b. 15,000 c. 14,000 Cd. 14,500
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- . Consider the macroeconomic model of a two-sector economy (i.e. no government or trade) using standard notation. Assume that the consumption function is linear, i.e. of the form: C = a +bY . It is known that when ? = 110, the value of consumption, C , is equal to 160.8, and that when ? = 170, the value of C is 207.6. (a) Determine the consumption function and derive the savings ( S ) function for the model. What is the marginal propensity to consume? (b) Determine the equilibrium level of national income when planned investment ? = 255.We again assume asimple closed economy with GDP of 100 and:c0(autonomous consumption) = 20c1 (marginal propensity to consume) = 0.6I (investment) = 20.a) Now assume that c0falls by 5 (i.e. 5% of GDP), i.e. for any given level of output,consumption will fall by 5. Show the implied fall in the AD function in yourdiagram and show that output will fall by more than 5.b) Show that the multiplier is equal to 2.5, and hence that, in the new equilibrium,output will have fallen by 12.5 (i.e. by 12.5%)c) How big would the impact be if, say, c1 = 0.4 or c1 = 0.8? Explain the difference.Suppose that for a particular economy, for some time period, consumption was given by theconsumption function C = 300 + 0.9YD, investment was equal to 200, government expenditure wasequal to 100, net taxes were fixed at 100, exports were equal to 200, and imports were given by theimports function Z = 10 + 0.1YD. Note that YD represents disposable income. a.Suppose households earn $150 more in their disposable income. How much more would theyconsume in total? How much go to domestic goods and how much go to imported goods? Howmuch would they end up saving? b.What is the level of equilibrium income? What about the level of consumption and import? c.What are the values of the government spending multiplier, tax multiplier and balanced-budgetmultiplier? d.Suppose the investment level suddenly declined by 20. How should the government stabilize theeconomy? Please provide all options in detail
- Given the following consumption function, C = 400 + 0.75YD,where C= consumption expenditure, YD = disposable income, Investment= $1200, Government spending = $1600,Exports = $500, Imports = $600, Taxes = $1200 and Potential GDP = $9000Aactual output is less than potential outputactual output is zeroactual output is equal to potential outputactual output is higher than potential outputIn a two-period model, an individual earns and consumes C1 in period 1 and only consumes C2 in period 2. Suppose the saving interest rate is 3.3% and the income in period 1 is $4,500. Assuming consumption smoothing, the consumption (C1 or C2) for period 1 and period 2 should be $ A . Compute A.In a two-period model, an individual earns and consumes C1 in period 1 and only consumes C2 in period 2. Suppose the saving interest rate is 3.3% and the income in period 1 is $4,500. Assuming consumption smoothing, the consumption (C1 or C2) for period 1 and period 2 should be $ A . Compute A.Q.1.14 In the Keynesian model, what is the most important determinant of ahousehold’s consumption?(a) Disposable income.(b) Total wealth.(c) The number of persons in the household.(d) Its’ net wealth. Q.1.15 Induced consumption is: (a) the part of consumption which is independent of the level of income.(b) the minimum level of consumption that is financed from sources otherthan income.(c) The maximum level of consumption that is financed from sources otherthan income.(d) shown by the slope of the consumption function.Q.1.16 In the Keynesian model, an introduction of a proportional tax will: (a) increase the slope of the consumption function.(b) reduce the multiplier.(c) increase the equilibrium level of income.(d) increase the multiplier.Q.1.17 A decrease in the price level will: (a) shift the AS curve to the left.(b) shift the AD curve to the left.(c) shift the AS curve to the right.(d) leave both the AD curve and the AS curve unchanged.
- Describe how the endogeneity versus exogeneity of consumption expenditures (i.e., the household sector) affects the size of predicted output multipliers by an input-output model.Question 1: In the case of a 2 sector economy model, when the income increases from RM 400 mil to RM 450 million, consumption increases from 200 million to 230 million. The autonomous investment is RM100 million. Assume autonomous consumption is 1.1) Calculate the value of MPC 1.2) Calculate the value of MPS 1.3) Derive consumption function, if the autonomous consumption is RM100 million 1.4) Construct saving function, if the autonomous saving is RM100 million Question 2: Given the following information C=200 + 0.75Y I=100 G=50 T=100 X=100 M=50 Find the equilibrium income by using the formula of Y = C + I + G + (X – M) Question 3: The following information is about monetary items for the country. ITEMS RM(Million) Paper money 5500 Negotiable certificate of deposit 3600 Fixed & savings deposits in other banking institutions 7900 Fixed & savings deposits in commercial banks 15000 Demand deposits 9000 Bank Negara Certificates 12000…1. Show that equilibruim level of income is at a point where consumption plus investment schedules intersect the 45 degree line. 2. Suppose the level of autonomous investment in an economy is K200,000 and the consumption function is given below as c = 80+0.8Y, what will be the equilibrium level of income. 4.if MPcC is 0.8, what will be the increase in the level of income if investment is increased to K400,000. 5. What increase in investment is needed to raise the income by K4000, if MPC is 0.75? How much will be the increase in consumption and saving due to this increase in income. 3. Given the consumption level C= 50 + 75Y, if we assume autonomous investment is K200,000 at what level of income will savings become equal to investment?
- Define the concept of equilibrium in the simple expenditure model we developed in class. Now, explain what signal in spending will tell us that the economy is not in equilibrium? Lastly, assume that we find that actual Y is greater than equilibrium Y, Ye thus actual current Y>Ye. Explain the reaction by firms to this situation and what you expect to happen to the actual level of Y because of this corporate reaction. Show the graph of the initial situation and the resulting change in Y due to the corporate reaction.Assume in a simple economy that the level of saving is –500 whenaggregate output equals zero and that the marginal propensity tosave is 0.2. Derive the saving function and the consumption func-tion, and draw a graph showing these functions. At what level ofaggregate output does the consumption curve cross the 45° line?Explain your answer and show this on the graph.Suppose we have the following consumption function in an economy C = 2000 + 0.9YD. Howmuch government spending has to be increased in order to have an increase in equilibriumoutput equal to 1000? a. 100.b. 200.c. 250.d. 1000.e. none of these.f. do not have adequate information.