Consider the following statements as they apply to quantum numbers. Decide if each statement is True or False False Electrons in an s atomic orbital are the least shielded by electrons in other orbitals from the nuclear charge. False 2, only two orbitals are allowed, ones and one p Electrons in a multi-electron atom are placed in orbitals in order of increasing energy If m The secondary quantum number I indicates the shape of the orbital. If n True 0, the value of I must equal 0. False True Incorrect. Tries 9/99 Previous Tries Submit Answer This discussion is closed. Send Feedback

Consider the following statements as they apply to quantum numbers. Decide if each statement is True or False False Electrons in an s atomic orbital are the least shielded by electrons in other orbitals from the nuclear charge. False 2, only two orbitals are allowed, ones and one p Electrons in a multi-electron atom are placed in orbitals in order of increasing energy If m The secondary quantum number I indicates the shape of the orbital. If n True 0, the value of I must equal 0. False True Incorrect. Tries 9/99 Previous Tries Submit Answer This discussion is closed. Send Feedback

Principles of Modern Chemistry

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079113

Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Chapter5: Quantum Mechanics And Atomic Structure

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 55AP: The outermost electron in an alkali-metal atom is sometimes described as resembling an electron in...

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When metallic sodium is dissolved in liquid sodium chloride, electrons are released into the liquid. These dissolved electrons absorb light with a wavelength near 800 nm. Suppose we treat the positive ions surrounding an electron crudely as defining a three-dimensional cubic box of edge L, and we assume that the absorbed light excites the electron from its ground state to the first excited state. Calculate the edge length L in this simple model.
Quantum mechanics predicts that the energy of the ground state of the H atom is 13.6eV . Insight into the magnitude of this quantity is gained by considering several methods by which it can be measured. (a) Calculate the longest wavelength of light that will ionize H atoms in their ground state. (b) Assume the atom is ionized by collision with an electron that transfers all its kinetic energy to the atom in the ionization process. Calculate the speed of the electron before the collision. Express your answer in meters per second (ms1) and miles per hour (milesh1) . (c) Calculate the temperature required to ionize a H atom in its ground state by thermal excitation. (Hint: Recall the criterion for thermal excitation of an oscillator in Planck’s theory of blackbody radiation is that hvkBT .)
The outermost electron in an alkali-metal atom is sometimes described as resembling an electron in the corresponding state of a one-electron atom. Compare the first ionization energy of lithium with the binding energy of a 2s electron in a one-electron atom that has nuclear charge Zeff , and determine the value of Zeff that is necessary for the two energies to agree. Repeat the calculation for the 3s electron of sodium and the 4s electron of potassium.
Construct an energy level diagram showing all orbitals for the hydrogen atom up to n=5, labeling each orbital with its appropriate quantum numbers. How many different orbitals are in each shell?
Until recently, it was thought that Ca was unstable, and that the Ca atom therefore had a negative electron affinity. Some new experiments have now measured an electron affinity of +2.0kJmol1 for calcium. What is the longest wavelength of light that could remove an electron from Ca ? In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum does this light fall?
(a) The nitrogen atom has one electron in each of the 2px , 2py , and 2pz orbitals. By using the form of the angular wave functions, show that the total electron density, 2(2px)+2(2py)+2(2pz) , is spherically symmetric (that is, it is independent of the angles and ). The neon atom, which has two electrons in each 2p orbital, is also spherically symmetric. (b) The same result as in part (a) applies to d orbitals, thus a filled or half-filled subshell of d orbitals is spherically symmetric. Identify the spherically symmetric atoms or ions among the following: F , Na, Si, S2,Ar+ , Ni, Cu, Mo, Rh, Sb, W, Au.
The energy needed to ionize an atom of element X when it is in its most stable state is 500kJmol1 . However, if an atom of X is in its lowest excited state, only 120kJmol1 is needed to ionize it. What is the wavelength of the radiation emitted when an atom of X undergoes a transition from the lowest excited state to the ground state?
Criticize or comment on the following statements: (a) The energy of a photon is inversely proportional to its wavelength. (b) The energy of the hydrogen electron is inversely proportional to the quantum number l . (c) Electrons start to enter the fifth principal level as soon as the fourth is full.
The electron volt (eV) is a convenient unit of energy for expressing atomic-scale energies. It is the amount of energy that an electron gains when subjected to a potential of 1 volt; 1eV=1.6021019 J. Using the Bohr model, determine the energy, in electron volts, of the photon produced when an electron in a hydrogen atom moves from the orbit with n=5 to the orbit with n=2. Show your calculations.
What type of electron orbital (i.e., s, p, d, or f) is designated by an electron with quantum numbers (a) n=1,l=0,m l =0(b) n=3,l=2,m l =1? (c) n=4,l=3,m l =3
Use the aufbau procedure to obtain the electron configuration and orbital diagram for atoms of the following elements. (a) Be (b) B (c) Ne (d) Rb
The cesium atom has the lowest ionization energy, 375.7kJmol1 , of all the neutral atoms in the periodic table. What is the longest wavelength of light that could ionize a cesium atom? In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum does this light fall?