Consider the goods market for a small open economy, where e is the real exchange rate, X are exports, IM are imports and Y is foreign income. C=254 +0.6YD X= 0.17Y - 101e IM = 0.5Y + 118e 1=0.05Y-7261 G= 913 T 1032 Y=3391 1= 0.03 (3%) e 1 Claculate the level of equilibrium output and the trade balance in this economy: OA Y=1061.98, NX -157.72 OB. Y 1038.98; NX -162.02 Oc. Y= 1020.11; NX -154.15 OD. Y 1080.28; NX -168.32
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- “There has been a turnaround from the sizeable net outflows over the past two years when South African companies stepped up their efforts to internationalise their businesses. The shift in direct investment trends made a small contribution to improving the financial account of South Africa’s balance of payments, which showed a surplus of 3.5% for the third quarter, up from 1.3% the previous quarter. The Reserve Bank’s quarterly bulletin shows that capital inflows were more than adequate to finance the deficit on the current account deficit of the balance of payments, which widened to 4.1% from a revised 2.9% in the third quarter. Economists expect that the current account deficit, which tends to be a driver of the rand exchange rate, will narrow again in the fourth quarter as exports pick up again” (Joffe, 2016). In your opinion, can the government keep export demand stimulated such that the balance of payments remains dazzlingThe equilibrium condition for GDP in an open economy is: Y = C + I + G + (X – M) GDP can be eitherspent, saved, or taxed away , so it is necessary that: Y = Substituting the second equation into the first equation and rearranging yields: X – M = The fundamental equation shows that an increase in the taxes will cause the budget deficit to , which should the trade deficit.QUESTION 10Suppose there are two countries that are identical in every way with the following exception. Country A is pursuing a fixed exchange rate regime and country B is pursuing a flexible exchange rate regime. Suppose government spending in both countries rises by the same amount. Given this information, we know that: the change in output in A will be greater than in B. the change in output in B will be greater than in A. the change in output will be the same in both countries. the relative output effects are ambiguous.
- Consider an OPEN ECONOMY with a floating exchange rate regime. In the aftermath of recent elections won by the country’s socialist party, consumer confidence and consumption has increased dramatically. Within the IS-MP framework for an open economy, explain and illustrate graphically what the effect is of the increase in overall consumption on equilibrium output, the real interest rate, net cash outflow, the trade balance and the country’s real exchange rate.You are the economic advisor to the Government of Sweden, a country that is not a member of the European Union but trades quite a bit with EU countries and with whom there is a high degree of capital mobility. (a) Suppose that the members of the European Union enact a large tax cut financed by a large increase in their deficit. What should happen to exchange rates in Sweden? What should happen to Sweden’s trade balance? Show the effects using appropriately labeled graphs, including that of the foreign exchange market. (b) Suppose instead that the European Central bank increase the money supply. What should happen to exchange rates in Sweden? What should happen to Sweden’s trade balance? Show the effects using appropriately labeled graphs, including that of the foreign exchange market. (c) If you are very interested in keeping the Swedish exchange rate constant at the rate it was before the EU tax cut, what specific policy would you recommend to do this, i.e. to keep your currency from…Suppose the current spot exchange rate for the Chinese yuan is USD 0.15 per CNY. If the domestic prices of traded goods rise 70% over the next 10 years in China and 30% over the same period in the United States, then, according to the relative purchasing power parity hypothesis, the spot exchange rate for the yuan in 10 years will be approximately: USD 0.35 per CNY USD 0.60 per CNY USD 0.11 per CNY
- Q 1 and Q 2 combined: Q 1: Today is April 24th 2022. You have just been appointed Chief Economist at Currency Forecasting Inc, an economic research consulting company in Washington DC. Congratulations! You get a phone call from one of your company's clients. The client wants to know, assuming that PPP holds, what should the Malawian Kwacha (MKD) versus South African Rand (SAR) exchange rate (quoted as the number of MKD per SAR) be in two years time (i.e., on April 24th 2024)? You have the following information: The expected inflation rates for Malawi and South Africa for each of the next 2 years will be as follows: Malawi's annual inflation rate for each of the next 2 years is expected to be 15% per annum. South Africa's annual inflation rate for each of the next 2 years is expected to be 5% per annum. The current spot exchange rate is 55.0 MKD = SAR1 (i.e., 55.0 MKD per SAR). Q 1: How do you answer the client: What should the Malawian Kwacha (MKD) versus South African…Consider a small country that is closed to trade, so its net exports are equal to zero. The following equations describe the economy of this country in billions of dollars, where C is consumption, DI is disposable income, I is investment, and G is government purchases: C� = = 30+0.8×DI30+0.8×DI G� = = 5050 I� = = 6060 Initially, this economy had a lump sum tax. Suppose net taxes were $50 billion, so that disposable income was equal to Y – 50, where Y is real GDP. In this case, this economy's aggregate output demanded was ___________ . Suppose the government decides to increase spending by $10 billion without raising taxes. Because the spending multiplier is ____________ , this will increase the economy's aggregate output demanded by ____________ . Now suppose that the government switches to a proportional tax on income of 10%. Because consumers retain the remaining 90% of their income, disposable income is now equal to 0.90Y. In this case, the economy's aggregate output…PQ 23 Assuming a flexible exchange rate, in the balance model, what effect, other factors constant, will a foreign government budget deficit financed by issuing bonds have on the home country's currency value?
- Consider Alpha, a country that is open to trade in goods and services with the rest of the world, where prices are fixed and in which only the goods market exists. In Alpha, the Marshall-Lerner condition doesn't hold — more precisely, net exports depend positively on the realexchange rate. Initially, the country is in goods market equilibrium, and trade is balanced. Having discussed which of the following three Figures provides a correct representation of the initial equilibrium in Alpha, describe the effects of a real appreciation. In particular, discuss if and how the various curves represented in the graph you have chosen will be affected, and explain the effects of the appreciation of the exchange rate on the equilibrium values of income, consumption, investment and net exports.Suppose for Home: Ms=2169, Md/P=5767-99865*R, P=2 Suppose for Foreign:Ms=2655, Md/P=7099-98140*R, P=1 Suppose Absolute PPP holds. What is the expected exchange rate Ee?Suppose the current spot exchange rate for the Chinese yuan is USD 0.15 per CNY. If the domestic prices of traded goods rise 70% over the next 10 years in China and 20% over the same period in the United States, then, according to the relative purchasing power parity hypothesis, the spot exchange rate for the yuan in 10 years will be approximately: