Consider the IS-LM AD-AS model (with adaptive expectations). Assume that the economy is initially in a long-run equilibrium where output is at its natural level and prices are as expected by workers. (b) What is the impact of an increase in the money supply on the evolution over time of the interest rate, the output level and the price level. Carefully explain the economics behind these dynamics. In the long-run, does the in- crease in the money supply have any real (as opposed to nominal) effect on the economy?
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- The Short-Run Aggregate Supply Curve (AS) is given by: y=20pAnd the Short-Run Aggregate Demand Curve (AD) is given by: y=25,000−20p Suppose instead that the Central Bank wanted to take action to keep the price-level completely stable. This would entail keeping it constant at its current rate. Suppose also that the Central Bank targets the interest rate directly. Suppose also that: • The Marginal Propensity to Spend is 0.75. • Every 1% increase in the interest rate leads to a decrease in Autonomous Consumption of 250 and a decrease in Autonomous Investment of 250. How much would the Central Bank need to change the current interest rate in order to keep the price level from changing through the medium-term as this output gap closes in the economy?Suppose the economy is initially in its long-run equilibrium. Due to the biased (overestimated) expectation of return, the entrepreneurs overwhelmingly become much more aggressive in investment holding other things equal. a. Use the IS-LM model and AD-AS model to graphically illustrate the impact of the biased expectation in the short run and in the long run. What are the changes in the equilibrium real interest rate, output, and prices? b. If the central bank wants to offset the impact of the biased expectation, what is the appropriate measure? Draw a graph as in part a. for illustration. What are the changes in the equilibrium real interest rate, output, and prices in this case?Consider the ASAD model of a closed economy with zero ongoing inflation and workers misperceptions. Firms are perfectly competitive, produce output with diminishing marginal returns to labour and have perfect foresight over the price level. Workers, instead, expect zero inflation in each period. At time zero, the economy is in the potential equilibrium. There is a negative shock on aggregate demand – for example, a permanent fall in desired autonomous consumption at time t = 1. What are the effects of the shock on the equilibrium real wage in the short and in the medium run?
- Assume that the economy is initially operating at full employment. Analyze the effect ofan increase in the nominal money supply using the IS-LM model. What happens to real output and interest rate in the long-run (what is the new long-runequilibrium)? Explain and show graphicallyConsider the AD-AS model discussed during the lectures. Assume that the aggregate demand curve is given by Y=8-0.5 π, that the long run aggregate supply curve is given by Yp=7, that the short run aggregate supply curve is given by π = π_expect + 0.3(Y-Yp), and that the monetary rule is given byr=1+0.3 π. Suppose the economy is suffering a decrease in the potential level of output, due to some ill-designed new regulation. According to the AD- AS model, what is more suitable to offset the subsequent decline in output, an expansionary monetary policy or an expansionary fiscal policy?Use the IS-LM model to describe the short-run effects of a decrease in the money supply on the equilbrium output and real interest rate. Assuming the economy is in a long-run equilibrium before the shock, also explain how the price level changes over time, and what happens to the economy in the long run. Use the AS-AD framework for this part of the question. Add diagrams to illustrate the answer - you can use the attachment feature of the answer editor to upload your chart.
- Consider a closed Keynesian economy and assume the economy is initially in general equilibrium. a) If the central bank sells government bonds in the market how would the real interest rate be affected in the short run? Explain and demonstrate using the asset market equilibrium graph. b)Explain how market with respond in long and short run using IS-LM-FE model and the AD Curve to part a)In the full SR model, IS-LM, we know that if to falls, cet. par., then the real Money Supply will increase. True, False, Uncertain? Explain. Show graphs in i-Y space and i-M/P spaces.Consider the classical AS-AD model with misperceptions. Assume that the economy is initially at its general equilibrium. Now, suppose the central bank considers an increase in the nominal money supply that is not anticipated by households or firms. a. How does the misperception theory work? b. Which of the three markets is first affected (labor, goods, or asset market)? Explain and show graphically how this market is affected by an unanticipated increase in the nominal money supply. c. Use the classical version of the AS-AD model with misperceptions to explain and to show graphically how an unanticipated increase in the nominal money supply affects the short-run equilibrium. d. Use the classical version of the AS-AD model with misperceptions to explain and to show graphically how an unanticipated increase in the nominal money supply affects the long-run (general) equilibrium.
- Suppose that the Fed sets the interest rate and adjusts the money supply accordingly (i.e., horizontal LM curve) and the economy is in recession. (a) In this part, suppose also that private business investment spending depends only on sales expectations. What kind of policy mix would be able to increase output? Why? Explain. [Hint: Begin with showing the implications of assumptions first.] (b) In this part, suppose also that private business investment spending depends on both sales expectations and the rate of interest. How would your answer in part (a) change? What if the interest rate is already equal to zero (i.e., the zero lower bound). What kind of policy mix would be able to increase output? Why? Explain.In the Neoclassical-Keynesian Synthesis ASAD model, let us suppose that the interest rate has no effect on real money demand. What does this imply for (1) the slope of the IS curve, for (2) the slope of LM curve, and for (3) the slope of the AD curve? (1) The slope of the IS curve – (2) The slope of the LM curve – (3) The slope of the AD curve –Suppose country A has a central bank with full credibility, and country B has a central bank with no credibility. Assume that in 2020, both countries are hit with the same COVID-19 shock.If the both central banks announce an autonomous easing policy to reduce the unemployment rate,How does the credibility of each country’s central bank affect the speed of adjustment of the aggregate supply curve to policy announcements? How does this result affect output stability?