Consider the Labor Market in New York and New Jersey. In both markets Demand is given by w = 1000 - 2E. Assume New York has a perfectly inelastic supply of 400 workers and New Jersey has perfectly inelastic supply of 200 workers. a. Graph the two markets and find the equilibrium wage in each market. b. With costless mobility across markets what would the long-run wage in each market. Show this in your graphs. c. Instead, assume that there are still 400 workers in New York and 200 in New Jersey but now the cost of moving is $ 100. What will be the long-run wage in each market? Explain
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- (a) Solve for the equilibrium wage and employment level.(b) Graph the demand and supply curves.(c) At this equilibrium, what is your welfare/gains from trade?(d) Now, assume a minimum wage has been implemented at $20. How will this impact yourdemand? Supply?(e) How many workers are displaced by this new policy? How much “extra” unemployment occurswith this new policy? Hint: Think about the reservation wage.(f) Graph the new labor demand and supply with this minimum wage.(g) At this equilibrium, what is your new welfare? Are you better off with this change? Explain.Suppose that Congress passes a law requiringemployers to provide employees some benefit (suchas healthcare) that raises the cost of an employee by$4 per hour.a. What effect does this employer mandate haveon the demand for labor? (In answering this andthe following questions, be quantitative whenyou can.)b. If employees place a value on this benefit exactlyequal to its cost, what effect does this employermandate have on the supply of labor?c. If the wage can freely adjust to balance supply anddemand, how does this law affect the wage andthe level of employment? Are employers better orworse off? Are employees better or worse off?d. Suppose that, before the mandate, the wage in thismarket was $3 above the minimum wage. In thiscase, how does the employer mandate affect thewage, the level of employment, and the level ofunemployment?e. Now suppose that workers do not value themandated benefit at all. How does this alternativeassumption change your answers to parts(b) and (c)?Suppose the demand for burger flippers is LD = 400 – 20W where L=number of burger flippers and W=nominal wage rate ($/hr.) The equilibrium wage is $5 but the government mandates a $6 minimum wage. Draw a graph to show what happens to the labor demand for burger flippers after this minimum wage law is enacted. Suppose there is an uncovered sector (no minimum wage law) where LS = -100 + 80W and LD = 300 – 20W before the minimum wage law is put into effect. Suppose all the workers that can’t find jobs as a result of the minimum wage law enter the uncovered sector. Compute how the labor supply function changes. Calculate the equilibrium wage and employment in the uncovered sector? Draw another graph illustrating these effects. Don't copy solutions from other sites!!!!!
- When Alan Greenspan (an economist who wouldlater chair the Federal Reserve) ran a consulting firmin the 1960s, he primarily hired female economists. Heonce told the New York Times, “I always valued menand women equally, and I found that because othersdid not, good women economists were cheaper thanmen.” Is Greenspan’s behavior profit-maximizing? Isit admirable or despicable? If more employers werelike Greenspan, what would happen to the wagedifferential between men and women? Why mightother economic consulting firms at the time not havefollowed Greenspan’s business strategy?Suppose labor demand for low-skilled workers in the United States is w = 35 – 0.2Ewhere E is the number of workers (in millions) and w is the hourly wage. There are 100 million domestic U.S. low-skilled workers who supply labor inelastically. If the U.S. opened its borders to immigration, 25 million low-skill immigrants would enter the U.S. and supply labor inelastically. What is the market-clearing wage if immigration is not allowed? What is the market-clearing wage with open borders?A company called Tramlaw has become the only employer in the local market for retail labor. The marginal value (extra profit before wages) of hiring an additional worker-hour is ?? = 60 − ?, where ?? is marginal value and ? is the hours of labor worked. The supply of workers is given as ? = ? 2 , where ? is the wage (the price of labor). Assume Tramlaw pays all retail workers in this market the same wage. For parts (a) and (b), ignore the numbers and equations (though you could use the equations as hints). a. Explain in words why Tramlaw’s marginal cost of hiring an additional worker-hour is higher than supply, which represents the marginal cost to the worker of providing an additional hour of labor. b. Draw a market diagram of Tramlaw’s local labor monopsony, including marginal value (MV), supply (S), and marginal cost (MC). Graphically indicate the monopsonist’s profit-maximizing quantity of labor ??, wage ??, the efficient quantity of labor ? ∗ , and any deadweight loss (DWL)…
- Policymakers sometimes propose laws requiring firms to give workerscertain fringe benefits, such as health insurance or paid parental leave.Let's consider the effects of such a policy on the labor market.a. Suppose that a law required firms to give each worker $3 of fringebenefits for every hour that the worker is employed by the firm. Howdoes this law affect the marginal profit that a firm earns from eachworker at a given cash wage? How does the law affect the demand curvefor labor? Draw your answer on a graph with the cash wage on thevertical axis. b. If there is no change in labor supply how would this law affectemployment and wages? c. Why might the labor-supply curve shift in response to this law? Wouldthis shift in labor supply raise or lower the impact of the law on wagesand employment? d. As discussed in Chapter 6, the wages of some workers, particularly theunskilled and inexperienced, are kept above the equilibrium level byminimum wage laws. What effect would a fringe-benefit…Please answer the c and d. Suppose that labour demand and labour supply are represented by the equations: Demand: LD = 10 - 0.5W Supply: LS = 0.5W a. Find the equilibrium wage and employment levels. b. Graph the curves and indicate the equilibrium on a graph. c. Suppose hiring is done through a labour union in this market which has limited hiring to 4 workers. What will be the wage in this market? d. Give one factor which causes labour demand to increase and one factor which causes labour supply to increase.The government imposes a minimum wage $w on the price of labor, where the market demand and supply are Q = 300 – p and Q = p respectively. (a What level of minimum wage maximizes PS (the surplus to producers of labor, that is, the welfare of the employee pool)? Assume the best case scenario where the candidate workers whose willingness-to-accept- wages are lowest get the jobs in the rationing process b. For w = 250, calculate the PS for the worst case scenario, where the candidate workers whose willingness-to-accept wages are highest end up getting the jobs in the rationing process.
- The way the workers’ compensation system works now, employees permanently injured on the jobreceive a payment of $X each year whether they work or not. Suppose the government were toimplement a new program in which those who did not work at all got $0.5X but those who did work got$0.5X plus workers’ compensation of 50 cents for every hour worked (of course, this subsidy would bein addition to the wages paid by their employers). What would be the change in work incentivesassociated with this change in the way workers’ compensation payments are calculated?PLEASE SOLVE PART C & D ONLY Minimum Wages and Unionsa. Assume an industry without legal minimum wages and unions. Show in a diagram how the equilibriumwage W* is determined, and briefly explain all the concepts in the diagram.b. Now suppose a minimum wage, WMIN, is legislated at a level lower than W*, i.e. WMIN<W*. Show it in thediagram and explain whether the labour market outcomes in part a. change, and how.c. Now suppose a minimum wage is legislated at a level higher than W*, i.e. WMIN>W*. Show it in thediagram and explain what the labour market outcomes will be.d. Now suppose a workers’ union is created and successfully negotiates wage WUNION, which is above bothW* and WMIN, i.e. WUNION>WMIN>W*. Explain what the labour market outcomes will be compared to theprevious part.Suppose that the labor demand for restaurant waiters in a small city is LD = −10 + 20w wherew is wage in dollars per hour.1. Derive the formula of the wage-elasticity of labor demand.2. Solve for the wage-elasticity of labor demand at the following wage rates below. Tell whetherlabor demand is elastic, inelastic, or unit elastic at each given wage rate.a. w = 4b. w = 6