Consider two firms facing the demand curve P=90-5Q, where Q Q₁+Q2. The firms' cost functions are and C₁ (Q1)=20+1501 C₂ (Q2) = 15+30Q2. Suppose that both firms have entered the industry. What is the joint profit-maximizing level of output? How much will each firm produce? Combined, the firms will produce ☐ units of output, of which Firm 1 will produce ☐ units and Firm 2 will produce ☐ units. (Enter a numeric response using a real number rounded to two decimal places.)
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- There are two identical firms in an industry, 1 and 2, each with cost function , i = 1,2. The industry demand curve is P = 100 − 5X where industry output, X, is the sum of the two firms’ outputs (X1 + X2). (a) If each firm makes its output decisions on the assumption that the other will not react to its choices (the Cournot assumption), what is the equilibrium output for each firm? What is the equilibrium price? (b) Suppose that each firm takes it in turn to choose its level of output, on the assumption that the other’s output level is fixed. Would the process of adjustment be stable? (c) Suppose that firm 1 introduces a cost-saving innovation, so that its cost curve becomes C1 = 8X1. Firm 2’s cost curve and the industry demand curve are unchanged. What happens to the equilibrium quantity produced by each firm and to market price?Consider an imperfectly competitive service provider, Muscat Automotive Repair Services (MARS), whose total cost of production is C = 30Q +0. 165Q2. Also, MARS faces two different market segments, A and B, whose demands can be linearly expressed as QA = 240 − PA and QB = 120 − 0.5PB . (Hint: the marginal cost is the slope of the total cost function). 4. If MARS decides to segment the market in accordance with the demands of groups A and B, find the profit-maximizing prices and quantities (PA, QA) and (PB, QB).5. What is the value of the consumer surplus for each group A and B, under this segmentation strategy?6. Draw the situation described in (4) and (5) above, clearly showing each group’s profitmaximizing price and quantity, and the areas that correspond to their consumer surpluses.7. Verify the inverse elasticity rule under each of the scenarios described (1) and (4) above.Consider a market for energy drinks consisting of only one firm. The firm has a linear cost function: C(q)=4q, where q represents quantity produced by the firm. The market inverse demand function is given byr P(Q)=24-2Q, where Q represents total industry output. Based on the given information answer the following. a. Now suppose a second firm enters the market. The second firm has an identical cost function. What will be the Cournot equilibrium output for each firm? b. Whay is the Stackelberg equilibrium output for each firm of firm 2 enters second? How much profit will each firm make in yhe Cournot game? How much in Stackelberg? c. Which type of market do consumers prefer: monopoly, Cournot duopoly or Stackelberg duopoly?
- Exercise 13.2. A homogeneous products duopoly faces a market demand function given byP = 300 − 3Q, where Q = Q1 +Q2. Both firms have constant marginal cost MC =100.a) What is Firm 1’s profit-maximizing quantity, given that Firm 2 produces an output of 50 unitsper year?Consider an imperfectly competitive service provider, Muscat Automotive Repair Services (MARS), whose total cost of production is C = 30Q+0.165Q2. Also, MARS faces two different market segments, A and B, whose demands can be linearly expressed as QA = 240 - PA and QB = 120 - 0. 5PB. (Hint: the marginal cost is the slope of the total cost function).1. Under a single-price strategy (no market segmentation), find MARS’s profit-maximizing price and quantity.The market demand and supply function for Pizza in New Town were: Qd = 10,000 – 100P Qs = - 2,000 + 100P A. Determine the equilibrium price and quantity of the Pizza. B. Plot the market and demand curves, label the equilibrium point E, and draw the demand curve faced by a single Pizza shop in this market on the assumption that the market is perfectly competitive. Show also the marginal revenue of the firm on the figure. C. If the total cost function of the firm is TC = 500 + 2Q + Q2, determine the price-quantity combination that will maximize the firm’s profit. D. Determine the profit. What adjustments should be anticipated in the long run?
- 2.- Each of two firms, firms 1 and 2, has a cost function C(q) = 0.5q; the demand function for the firms' output is Q = 1.5 - p, where Q is the total output. Firms compete in prices. That is, firms choose simultaneously what price they charge. Consumers will buy from the firm offering the lowest price. In case of tying, firms split equally the demand at the (common) price. The firm that charges the higher price sells nothing. (Bertrand model.) (a) Formally argue that there could be no equilibrium in prices other than p1 = p2 = 0.5 (b) Solve the same problem, but this time assuming that firms compete in quantities.Now, suppose that firm 1 has a capacity constraint of 1/3. That is, no matter what demand it gets, it can serve at most 1/3 units. Suppose that these units are served to the consumers who are willing to pay the most. Thus, even if it sets a price above that of firm 1, firm 2 may be able to sell some output. (c) Obtain the (residual) demand of firm 2 (as a function of its own…The information below applies to a competitive firm that sells its output for $40 per unit. • When the firm produces and sells 150 units of output, its average total cost is $24.50. • When the firm produces and sells 151 units of output, its average total cost is $24.55. Refer to Scenario 14-2 . Let Q represent the quantity of output. Which of the following magnitudes has the same value at Q = 150 and at Q = 151? a. Total revenue b. Average fixed cost c. Total cost d. Average revenueSuppose market inverse demand function is p(y)=100-Yt where Yt is total production in the market. Assume that there are two firms with following marginal cost MC(firm 1)=Y1 MC(firm 2)=2*Y2+10 Assume that Yt=Y1+Y2 Set up profit function for both firms. What is the best response function of each firm by taking into account action of other firm? What output level is going to be produced by each firm in equilibrium? Assume that Firm 1 is leader in the market and going to act first. What will be the best response and output level of firm 2. What is difference between previous and new situation? Why? What is difference between Bertrand and previous competition? How would you like to find equilibrium price?
- You are the manager of a firm that produces products X and Y at zero cost. You know that different types of consumers value your two products differently, but you are unable to identify these consumers individually at the time of the sale. In particular, you know there are three types of consumers (1,000 of each type) with the following valuations for the two products: Consumer Type Product X Product Y 1 $90 $60 2 70 140 3 40 160 a. What are your firm’s profits if you charge $40 for product X and $60 for product Y?$ b. What are your profits if you charge $90 for product X and $160 for product Y?$ c. What are your profits if you charge $150 for a bundle containing one unit of product X and one unit of product Y?$ d. What are your firm’s profits if you charge $210 for a bundle containing one unit of X and one unit of Y, but also sell the products individually at a price of $90 for product X and $160 for product Y?$JointJuice produces a prepackaged joint support supplement for relief of joint pain with 180 tablets per bottle and operates in a perfectly competitive market. Basically, all the firms in this competitive market have technologies (production and cost conditions) that are the same as JointJuice’s. Suppose JointJuice’s total cost function is given by the following where q is JointJuice’s quantity of packages per day: C(q) = 250 + 6q + 0.1q^2 The market demand function for the output in this market is given by: Q = 1848 - 2P If there are 20 identical firms in this industry, find the market equilibrium price for the prepackaged supplements. Calculate JointJuice’s optimal output level and profits given the market price for the product. If JointJuice is typical of the firms in this industry calculate the firm’s long-run equilibrium output, price, and profit level. Suppose the situation changes. JointJuice has its plant in Portland Oregon. The local government passes a new tax on…2.- Each of two firms, firms 1 and 2, has a cost function C(q) = 1 2 q; the demand function for the firms' output is Q = 1.5-p, where Q is the total output. Firms compete in prices. That is, firms choose simultaneously what price they charge. Consumers will buy from the firm offering the lowest price. In case of tying, firms split equally the demand at the (common) price. The firm that charges the higher price sells nothing. (Bertrand model.) (a) Formally argue that there could be no equilibrium in prices other than p1 = p2 = 1 2. (b) Solve the same problem, but this time assuming that firms compete in quantities.Now, suppose that firm 1 has a capacity constraint of 1/3. That is, no matter what demand it gets, it can serve at most 1/3 units. Suppose that these units are served to the consumers who are willing to pay the most. Thus, even if it sets a price above that of firm 1, firm 2 may be able to sell some output. (c) Obtain the (residual) demand of firm 2 (as a function of its own…