COOH Fumarasa COOD H. COOH CH DO H- H2O, pH=7.4 ČH2COOH D H. НООС H. (S) -malic acid Fumaric acid COOD a) What type of reaction does fumarase catalyze? b) is fumaric acid chiral? c) is malic acid chiral?
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- Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms carry out some form of glycolysis. How does ha fact support or not support the assertion that glycolysis is one of the oldest metabolic pathways?Based on your knowledge of the structure of NAD+ and an assumption that coenzyme dissociation is the rate limiting step of the alcohol dehydrogenase mechanism, hypothesize why a N249W mutation at the coenzyme binding site would increase the rate of catalysis.which of the following glycolytic reactions is an oxidation? a) G3P to 1,3-BPG b) PEP to Pyr c) lactic acid fermentation under anaerobic conditions d) condensation of acetate with OAA e) succinate decarboxylase reaction
- The enzyme glutamine synthetase catalyzes the following reaction: glutamate + ATP + NH3 → glutamine + ADP + phosphate Which of the following statements about this reaction is correct? he reaction is only exergonic if enzyme is added b. The reaction is endergonic whether or not enzyme is added c. The reaction is exergonic whether or not enzyme is added d. The rate of oxygen production will be unaffected e. The reaction is only endergonic if enzyme is addedDoes the complete oxidation of tridecanoic acid (C13:0) make more ATP than the complete oxidation of 9-tetradecenoic acid (C14:1, Δ9) inside human body? Show your calculation.The pyruvate →lactate reaction in animals is reversible, but the pyruvate → ethanol fermentation in yeast is irreversible. Explain.
- The enzyme glutamine synthetase catalyzes the following reaction: glutamate + ATP + NH3 → glutamine + ADP + phosphate Which of the following statements about this reaction is correct? a. The reaction is endergonic whether or not enzyme is added b. The reaction is only endergonic if enzyme is added c. The reaction is only exergonic if enzyme is added d. The rate of oxygen production will be unaffected e. The reaction is exergonic whether or not enzyme is addedAssume that you have a solution of 0.1 M glucose 6-phosphate. To this solution you add the enzyme phosphoglucomutase, which catalyzes the reaction: glucose-6-P ⇔ glucose-1-P ∆G°′ = +1.7 kJ/mol (a) Does this reaction proceed at all as written at 25 °C, and if so, what are the final concentrations of glucose 6-P and glucose 1-P? (b) What effect would omitting the enzyme have on the reaction. Be specific. (c) Under what cellular conditions, if any, would this reaction continuously produce glucose 1-P at a high rate?FAD is a coenzyme for dehydrogenation.(a) When a molecule is dehydrogenated, is FAD oxidizedor reduced?(b) Is FAD an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent?(c) What type of substrate is FAD associated with, and whatis the type of product molecule after dehydrogenation?(d) What is the form of FAD after dehydrogenation?(e) Use the curved-arrow symbolism to write a generalequation for a reaction involving FAD.
- ATP synthase, hexokinase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase are important enzymes in aerobic respiration. Please provide a description for each enzyme containing the following information: (1) the metabolic stage in aerobic respiration they are involved in, (2) the enzyme class where they belong, and (3) the chemical eaction they catalyze.Which reaction in the citric acid cycle is most analogous to the oxidative decarboxylation of 6- phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate? What kind of enzymebound intermediate is formed in both reactions?Under standard conditions, is the oxidation of ubiquinol (Coenzyme Q) by O2 sufficiently exergonic to drive the synthesis of ATP? If yes, how many ATP can be synthesized assuming 100% efficiency?
