Copper at 500 °C has 1.10×1015 vacancies/cm³. The atomic weight of Cu is 63.55 g/mol and the density at this temperature is 8.96 g/cm³. Avogadro constant NA - 6.022×1023 atoms/mol. Boltzmann constant (K) ~ 8.62×10-$ ev/atom • K. (a) What is the activation energy required to create a vacancy in Cu? (b) Cu is then cooled to 400 °C. What will be the number of vacancies per cubic centimeter? Assume that the change in the density in the cooling is negligible.

Elements Of Electromagnetics
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Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
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Copper at 500 °C has 1.10×1015 vacancies/cm³. The atomic weight of Cu is 63.55 g/mol and the
density at this temperature is 8.96 g/cm³. Avogadro constant NA ~ 6.022×1023 atoms/mol.
Boltzmann constant (K) - 8.62×10-³ ev/atom • K.
(a) What is the activation energy required to create a vacancy in Cu?
(b) Cu is then cooled to 400 °C. What will be the number of vacancies per cubic centimeter?
Assume that the change in the density in the cooling is negligible.
Transcribed Image Text:Copper at 500 °C has 1.10×1015 vacancies/cm³. The atomic weight of Cu is 63.55 g/mol and the density at this temperature is 8.96 g/cm³. Avogadro constant NA ~ 6.022×1023 atoms/mol. Boltzmann constant (K) - 8.62×10-³ ev/atom • K. (a) What is the activation energy required to create a vacancy in Cu? (b) Cu is then cooled to 400 °C. What will be the number of vacancies per cubic centimeter? Assume that the change in the density in the cooling is negligible.
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