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- Give an account of signalling at a neuromuscular junction through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.Describe the effect of the botulinum toxin, which inhibits the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Would the poison curare, which competes for acetylcholine receptors (by attaching to the acetylcholine receptors and preventing acetylcholine from binding) have a similar effect? ExplainDescribe the function of acetylcholinesterase and discuss its physiological significance.
- Describe the activation of the β2 (beta2) adrenergic receptor, and briefly explain how this leads to increased breakdown of glycogen stores in muscle.draw a figure showing the differant between nictonic and muscarnic receptors in skeletal muscleActions of neuropeptides include all the following, except :-a- inhibition of gene transcriptionb- decreased cyclic AMP synthesisc- changing intracellular Ca ++ leveld- activation of ligand-gated receptors
- If ligand-gated K+ channels were to open in an unstimulated muscle fiber,how would this affect the resting membrane potential?In the rare neuromuscular disorder Myasthenia Gravis, autoantibodies are produced which inhibit acetylcholine receptor (nicotinic receptor) activity. Explain how inhibition of acetylcholine receptor activity at the neuromuscular junction will affect the sequence of events in muscular excitation and contraction in response to stimuli, and muscle function? (Mention the effects on all the significant events involved in excitation and contraction of muscles, and how it would affect muscle function).Explain the structure of NMJ and name the steps of muscle stimulation in orde
- Explain how the binding of heroin to presynaptic neurones raises the probability of action potentials in the postsynaptic neurone. asap typed onlySuppose that gated ion channels for Na+or Ca2+ opened in the plasma membrane of a muscle cell.The membrane potential of that cell would a. move toward the equilibrium potential for that ion. b. become less negative than the resting membrane potential. c. move farther away from the potassium equilibrium potential. d. all of these.Explain how the changes in Na+ and K+ ion concentrationsthat occur during an action potential are associated withdepolarization and repolarization.