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- Describe the mechanism of action for
- moist heat
- dry heat
aldehydes - oxidizing agents
- halogens
- phenolic compounds
- quaternary ammonium compounds
- alcohols
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- Show how the synthetic scheme developed in Problem 23.67 can be modified to synthesize this triiodobenzoic acid X-ray contrast agent.Following is a synthesis for toremifene, a nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist whose structure is closely related to that of tamoxifen. (a) This synthesis makes use of two blocking groups, the benzyl (Bn) group and the tetrahydropyranyl (THP) group. Draw a structural formula of each group and describe the experimental conditions under which it is attached and removed. (b) Discuss the chemical logic behind the use of each blocking group in this synthesis. (c) Propose a mechanism for the conversion of D to E. (d) Propose a mechanism for the conversion of F to toremifene. (e) Is toremifene chiral? If so, which of the possible stereoisomers are formed in this synthesis?Given the following compounds and boiling points: Determine the IMFs Order the compounds from weakest to strongest IMFs, and Pentane (C5H12) 36°C Methane (CH4) -164°C Sodium n-butoxide (C4H9NaO) +260°C Hydrogen dioxide (H2O) 100°C
- One mole of acetyl chloride is added to a liter of triethylamine, resulting in a vigorous exothermic reaction. Once thereaction mixture has cooled, 1 mole of ethanol is added. Another vigorous exothermic reaction results. The mixture isanalyzed and found to contain triethylamine, ethyl acetate, and triethylammonium chloride. Propose mechanisms for thetwo exothermic reactions.The pKas of chemicals HX and HY are 5 and 7 respectively. The pKa of carbonic acid H2CO3is 6. If you made up an ether solution of chemicals HX and HY in a separatory funnel, andthen added an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 to that separatory funnel,would both HX and HY stay in the ether layer? Or would either or both of them transfer intothe aqueous layer? If one goes into the water layer, will it be in it’s neutral HX/HY form, or init’s deprotonated anionic form?Maleic Acid + Bromine à racemic-2,3-Dibromosuccinic Acid Explain the mechanism and reaction
- 1. Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of reactivity towards NaI in acetone: I. Methyl bromide II. Isopropyl bromide III. Ethyl bromide IV. t-butyl bromide 2. Rank the following compounds in order of increasing basicity: I. p-nitroaniline III. N-methylaniline II. p-aminobenzaldehyde IV. p-methylaniline 3. Order the following acids with respect to increasing acidity: I. Fluoroacetic acid III. Chloroacetic acid II. 3-chloropropanoic acid IV. Propanoic acid 4. Arrange the ff. in their decreasing order (easiest first) of relative ease in the acid-catalyzed esterification of ethyl alcohol: I. (CH3)2CHCOOH II. CH3CH2COOH III. (CH3)3COOHBromobenzne + Mg/diethyl ether -> Biphenyl (byproduct) Draw the mechanism for the byproductThe pKa of protonated acetone is about -7.5, and the pKa of protonated hydroxylamine is 6.0. a. In a reaction with hydroxylamine at pH 4.5, a.what fraction of acetone is present in its acidic, protonated form? b. In a reaction with hydroxylamine at pH 1.5, what fraction of acetone is present in its acidic, protonated form? c. In a reaction with acetone at pH 1.5, what fraction of hydroxylamine is present in its reactive basic form?
- Explain the reactions involved in separation of p-nitroaniline from mixture contain 3 components 1.Benzoic acid (acidic nature pKa=4.17) 2.Naphthalene (neutral compound) 3.paraNitroaniline(basic compound pKa=12.99Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of HOCH2CH2C(CH3)2CN forms compound A (C6H10O2). A shows a strong peak in its IR spectrum at 1770 cm-1 and the following signals in its 1H NMR spectrum: 1.27 (singlet, 6 H), 2.12 (triplet, 2 H), and 4.26 (triplet, 2 H) ppm. Draw the structure for A and give a stepwise mechanism that accounts for its formation.Which of the following molecules gives a disproportionation reaction in a basic medium? A. benzyl alcohol B. benzamide C. benzonitrile D. benzaldehyde E. benzoic acid
