*Determine the ATP yield from the metabolism of one molecule of glucose under the following conditions: a) b) c) in a mammalian muscle cell carrying out anaerobic glycolysis in Escherichia coli, an aerobic prokaryote in a mammalian brown fat cell, in which electron transport occurs without producing ATP
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- Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms carry out some form of glycolysis. How does ha fact support or not support the assertion that glycolysis is one of the oldest metabolic pathways?How many ATPs could theoretically be formed from a glucosemolecule carried through aerobic respiration, and how many areprobably formed?Under standard conditions, is the oxidation of ubiquinol (Coenzyme Q) by O2 sufficiently exergonic to drive the synthesis of ATP? If yes, how many ATP can be synthesized assuming 100% efficiency?
- Where in the biochemical pathway of cellular respiration (glycolysis, intermediate stage, or citric acid cycle) does each of the following enter: (a) glycerol, (b) fatty acids, and (c) deaminated amino acids?How many ATP will be produced in an oxidative level phosphorylation of a molecule of glucose in a eukaryotic cell?ATP synthase, hexokinase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase are important enzymes in aerobic respiration. Please provide a description for each enzyme containing the following information: (1) the metabolic stage in aerobic respiration they are involved in, (2) the enzyme class where they belong, and (3) the chemical eaction they catalyze.
- Calculate the number of ATP harvested from complete oxidation (breakdown) of an 18 carbon fatty acid?Illustrate the following processes and explain briefly and concisely:a. lactic acid formationb. glycolysisc. citric acid cycled. electron-transport chainWhy does glycolysis require ATP investment on a thermodynamic and molecular level?
- Write balanced chemical equations for each of the following: (a) anaerobic glycolysis of 1 mole of sucrose, cleaved initially by sucrose phosphorylase; (b) aerobic glycolysis of 1 mole of maltose; (c) fermentation of one glucose residue in starch to ethanol, with the initial cleavage involving a-amylase.How many ATP are made from one (1) molecule of glucose during anaerobic cellular respiration (AKA fermentation)?What is the significance of the ΔG°’ value of each step of Glycolysis? Why do some values classify reactions as irreversible and others as easily reversible?