1 The Nature Of Light 2 Geometric Optics And Image Formation 3 Interference 4 Diffraction 5 Relativity 6 Photons And Matter Waves 7 Quantum Mechanics 8 Atomic Structure 9 Condensed Matter Physics 10 Nuclear Physics 11 Particle Physics And Cosmology Chapter9: Condensed Matter Physics
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 9.1CYU: Check Your Understanding Why is the potential energy associated with the exclusion principle... Problem 9.2CYU: Check Your Understanding What does the energy separation between absorption lines in a rotational... Problem 9.3CYU: Check Your Understanding If the dissociation energy were larger, would that make it easier or more... Problem 9.4CYU: Check Your Understanding What happens to the ground state energy of an electron if the dimensions of... Problem 9.5CYU: Check Your Understanding How does the magnitude of the forward bias current compare with the reverse... Problem 9.6CYU: Check Your Understanding What conditions are necessary for superconductivity? Problem 1CQ: What is the main difference between an ionic bond, a covalent bond, and a van der Waals bond? Problem 2CQ: For the following cases, what type of bonding expected? (a) KCl molecule; (b) N2 molecule. Problem 3CQ: Describe three steps to ionic bonding. Problem 4CQ: What prevents a positive and negative ion from having a zero separation? Problem 5CQ: For the H2 molecule, why must the spins the electron spins be antiparallel? Problem 6CQ: Does the absorption spectrum of the diatomic molecule HCl depend on the isotope of chlorine... Problem 7CQ: Rank the energy spacing (E) of the following transitions from least to greatest: an electron energy... Problem 8CQ: Explain key features of a vibrational-rotation energy spectrum of the diatomic molecule. Problem 9CQ: Why is tbe equilibrium separation distance between K+ and Cl- different for a diatomic molecule than... Problem 10CQ: Describe the difference between a face-centered cubic structure (FCC) and a body-centered cubic... Problem 11CQ: In sodium chloride, how many Clatoms are “nearest neighbors” of Na+ ? How many Na+atoms are "nearest... Problem 12CQ: In cesium iodide, how many Clatoms are "nearest neighbors” of Cs+? How many Cs+ atoms are "nearest... Problem 13CQ: The NaCl crystal structure is FCC. The equilibrium spacing is r0=0.282nm. If each ion occupies a... Problem 14CQ: Why does the Fermi energy (EF) increase with the number of electrons in a metal? Problem 15CQ: If the election number density (N/V) of a metal increases by a factor 8, what happens to the Fermi... Problem 16CQ: Why does the horizontal Line in the graph in Figure 9.12 suddenly stop at the Fermi energy? Figure... Problem 17CQ: Why does the graph in Figure 9.12 increase gradually from the origin? Figure 9.12 (a) Density of... Problem 18CQ: Why are the sharp transitions at the Fermi energy “smoothed out” by increasing the temperature? Problem 19CQ: What are the two main approaches used to determine the energy levels of electrons in a crystal? Problem 20CQ: Describe two features of energy levels for an electron in a crystal. Problem 21CQ: How does the number of energy levels in a band correspond to the number, N, of atoms. Problem 22CQ: Why are some materials very good conductors and others very poor conductors? Problem 23CQ: Why are some materials semiconductors? Problem 24CQ: Why does the resistance of a semiconductor decrease as the temperature increases? Problem 25CQ: What kind of semiconductor is produced if germanium is doped with (a) arsenic, and (b) gallium? Problem 26CQ: What kind of semiconductor is produced if silicon is doped with (a) phosphorus, and (b) indium? Problem 27CQ: What is the Hall effect and what is it used for? Problem 28CQ: For an n-type semiconductor, how do impurity atoms alter the energy structure of the solid? Problem 29CQ: For a p-type semiconductor, how do impurity atoms alter the energy structure of the solid? Problem 30CQ: When p- and n-type materials are joined, why is a uniform electric field generated near the... Problem 31CQ: When p- and n-type materials are joined, why does the depletion layer not grow indefinitely? Problem 32CQ: How do you know if a diode is in the forward biased configuration? Problem 33CQ: Why does the reverse bias configuration lead to a very small current? Problem 34CQ: What happens in the extreme case that where the n- and p-type materials are heavily doped? Problem 35CQ: Explain how an audio amplifier works, using the transistor concept. Problem 36CQ: Describe two main features of a superconductor. Problem 37CQ: How does BCS theory explain superconductivity? Problem 38CQ: What is the Meissner effect? Problem 39CQ: What impact does an increasing magnetic field have on the critical temperature of a semiconductor? Problem 40P: The electron configuration of carbon is 1s22s22p2. Given this electron configuration, what other... Problem 41P: Potassium chloride (KCl) is a molecule formed by an ionic bond. At equilibrium separation the atoms... Problem 42P: The electron affinity of Cl is 3.89 eV and the ionization energy of K is 4.34 eV. Use the preceding... Problem 43P: The measured energy dissociated energy of KC1 is 4.43 eV. Use the results of the preceding problem... Problem 44P: In a physics lab, you measure the vibrational- rotational spectrum of HCl. The estimated separation... Problem 45P: For the preceding problem, find the equilibrium separation of the H and Cl atoms. Compare this with... Problem 46P: The separation between oxygen atoms in an O2 molecule is about 0.121 nm. Determine the... Problem 47P: The characteristic energy of the N2 molecule is 2.4810-4 ev Determine the separation distance... Problem 48P: The characteristic energy for KCl is 1.4105eV . (a) Determine for the KC1 molecule, (b) Find the... Problem 49P: A diatomic F2 molecule is in the l = 1 state, (a) What is the energy of the molecule? (b) How much... Problem 50P: In a physics lab, you measure the vibrational- rotational spectrum of potassium bromide (KBr). The... Problem 51P: The Csl crystal structure is BCC. The equilibrium spacing is approximately r0=0.46nm . If Cs+ ion a... Problem 52P: The potential energy of a crystal is - 8.10 eV/ion pair. Find the dissociation energy for four moles... Problem 53P: The measured density of a NaF crystal is 2.558 g/cm3 . What is the equilibrium separate distance of... Problem 54P: What value of the repulsion constant, n, gives the measured dissociation energy of 221kcal/mole for... Problem 55P: Determine the dissociation energy of 12 moles of sodium chloride (NaCl). (Hint; the repulsion... Problem 56P: The measured density of a KCl crystal is 1.984 g/cm3. What is the equilibrium separation distance of... Problem 57P: What value of the repulsion constant, n, gives the measured dissociation energy of 171 kcal/mol for... Problem 58P: The measured density of a CsCl crystal is 3.988 g/cm3. What is the equilibrium separate distance of... Problem 59P: What is the difference in energy between the nx=ny=nz=4 state and the state with the next higher... Problem 60P: An electron is confined to a metal cube of I = 0.8 cm on each side. Determine the density of states... Problem 61P: What value of energy corresponds to a density of states of 1.101024eV1 ? Problem 62P: Compare the density of states at 2.5 eV and 0.25 eV. Problem 63P: Consider a cube of copper with edges 1.50 mm long. Estimate the number of electron quantum states in... Problem 64P: If there is one free electron per atom of copper, what is the electron number density of this metal? Problem 65P: Determine the Fermi energy and temperature for copper at T = 0 K. Problem 66P: For a one-dimensional crystal, write the lattice spacing (a) in terms of the electron wavelength. Problem 67P: What is the main difference between an insulator and a semiconductor? Problem 68P: What is the longest wavelength for a photon that can excite a valence election into the conduction... Problem 69P: A valence electron in a crystal absorbs a photon of wavelength, =0.300nm . This is just enough... Problem 70P: An experiment is performed to demonstrate the Hall effect. A thin rectangular strip of semiconductor... Problem 71P: Suppose that the cross-sectional area of the strip (the area of the face perpendicular to the... Problem 72P: A current-carrying copper wire with cross-section =2mm2 has a drift velocity of 0.02cm/s. Find the... Problem 73P: The Hall effect is demonstrated in the laboratory. A thin rectangular strip of semiconductor with... Problem 74P: Show that for V less than zero, InetI0. Problem 75P: A p-n diode has a reverse saturation current 1.44108A . It is forward biased so that it has a... Problem 76P: The collector current of a transistor is 3.4 A for a base current of 4.2 mA. What is the current... Problem 77P: Applying the positive end of a battery to the p-side and the negative end to the n-side of a p-n... Problem 78P: The base current of a transistor is 4.4 A, and its current gain 1126. What is the collector current? Problem 79P: At what temperature, in terms of Tc, is the critical field of a superconductor one-half its value at... Problem 80P: What is the critical magnetic field for lead at T = 2.8 K? Problem 81P: A Pb wire wound in a tight solenoid of diameter of 4.0 mm is cooled to a temperature of 5.0 K. The... Problem 82P: A tightly wound solenoid at 4.0 K is 50 cm long and is constructed from Nb wire of radius 1.5 mm.... Problem 83AP: Potassium fluoride (KF) is a molecule formed by air ionic bond. At equilibrium separation tire atoms... Problem 84AP: For the preceding problem, sketch the potential energy versus separation graph for the bonding of K+... Problem 85AP: The separation between hydrogen atoms in a H2 molecule is about 0.075 nm. Determine the... Problem 86AP: The characteristic energy of the Cl2 molecule is 2.95105eV . Determine the separation distance... Problem 87AP: Determine the lowest three rotational energy levels of H2. Problem 88AP: A carbon atom can hybridize in the sp2configuration. (a) What is the angle between the hybrid... Problem 89AP: List five main characteristics of ionic crystals that result from their high dissociation energy. Problem 90AP: Why is bonding in favorable? Express your answer in terms of the symmetry of the election wave... Problem 91AP: Astronomers claim to find evidence of He2 from light spectra of a distant star. Do you believe them? Problem 92AP: Show that the moment of inertia of a diatomic molecule is I=r02 , where is the reduced mass, and r0... Problem 93AP: Show that the average energy of an electron in a one-dimensional metal is related to the Fermi... Problem 94AP: Measurements of a superconductor's critical magnetic field (in T) at various temperatures (in K) are... Problem 95AP: Estimate the fraction of Si atoms that must be replaced by As atoms in order to form an impurity... Problem 96AP: Transition in the rotation spectrum are observed at ordinary room temperature (T = 300K). According... Problem 97AP: Determine the Fermi energies for (a) Mg, (b) Na, and (c) Zn. Problem 98AP: Find the average energy of an electron in a Zn wire. Problem 99AP: What value of the repulsion constant, n, gives the measured dissociation energy of 158 kcal/mol for... Problem 100AP: A physical model of a diamond suggests packing structure. Why is this not possible? Problem 101CP: For an electron in a three-dimensional metal, show that the average energy is given by... Problem 80P: What is the critical magnetic field for lead at T = 2.8 K?
Related questions
Concept explainers
Determine the magnetic induction at pin A in the figure for the conductor of electric current shown in the figure (uo = 4π x 10-7 T x m / A ).
Transcribed Image Text: (H, = 4 7 ·10' 1·m/ A)
I
R=4 cm
R
I=10 A
A
R
Flow of electric charges through a conductor.
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