Determining if a plant population is Evolving One way to test whether evolution is occurring in a population is to compare the observed genotype frequencies at a locus with those expected for a non- evolving population based on the Hardy-Weinberg equation. In this exercise, you'll test whether a pea plant population is evolving at a locus with two alleles, Cand C , that affect chlorophyll production and hence leaf color. Experimental Set-up: Students planted soybean seeds and then counted the number of seedlings of each genotype at Day 7 and again at Day 21. Seedlings of each genotype could be distinguished visually because the C and C' show incomplete dominance: C°C® seedlings have green leaves, C'C" seedlings have green- yellow leaves, and C'C' seedlings have yellow leaves. Number of Seedlings Green-Yellow Time (Days) Green Total Yellow c'c" 7 52 13 58 222 21 49 108 22 179 Interpret the Data 1. Use the observed genotype frequencies from Day 7 data to calculate the frequencies of the C allele (p) and the C allele (a). (Remember that the frequency of an allele in a gene pool is the number of copies of that allele divided by the total number of copies of all alleles at that locus.)
Evolutionary Genetics
Evolution is known as continuous changes that occur to adjust organisms in their changing environment over many generations. Various theories have been proposed to illustrate the origin of life and organic evolution. The most accepted one is the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. According to his postulate, organisms undergo a struggle for existence due to overproduction. To survive in nature, they acquire variations. The inheritable variations are selected by nature, and it leads to the survival of the fittest.
Phenotype Frequency
The majority of populations have a certain degree of variation in their genetic pools. Scientists can predict the genetic variation happening over time by measuring the amount of genetic variation in a population and these predictions assist them in gaining important insights into the processes that allow organisms to adapt to the environment or to develop into new species over generations. This process is referred to as the process of evolution.
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
The frequencies of allele and genotype were maintained constant from one generation to another due to the absence of other evolutionary forces. It is otherwise called the Hardy Weinberg principle the field of population genetics.
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