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Discuss how public sector budgets reflect accountability during covid-19
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- Discuss how public sector budgets reflect accountability during covid-19 ..in more wordsPlease do section (b) and c not attempt aA local college is deciding whether to conduct a campus beautification initiative that would involve various projects, such as planting trees and remodeling buildings, to make the campus more aesthetically pleasing. For the students of the college, the visual appearance of the campus isnonrival andnonexcludable . Thus, the visual appearance would be classified as a public good. Suppose the college administrators estimate that the beautification initiative will cost $61,110. To decide whether the initiative should be undertaken, administrators conduct a survey of the college's 2,240 students, asking each of them their willingness to pay for the beautification project. The average willingness to pay, as revealed by the survey, is $20. The benefit of the beautification initiative, as suggested by the survey, is . Because the estimated benefit is than the cost, the college administrators undertake the beautification initiative. The calculation of the benefit of…
- With regards to COVID-19, what are the effects that the decline in economic activities has had on the state of the natural environment.If the true marginal abatement cost is unknown by the regulator and if the marginal benefits of abatement are steeper (more inelastic) than the marginal abatement cost, then a price instrument (emissions tax) will create less DWL than a quantity instrument (cap and trade). true or falseSTATE TRUE/FALSE External assistance is not recorded in balance of payment account.
- Does it seem reasonable for NEPA to require that an economic impact analysis be left out of the conversation when agencies create an environmental impact analysis?ILLUSTRATE THE IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS AND INNOVATIVE FINANCING AS PART OF PUBLIC FINANCING MODELS FOR DELIVERING WATER IMFRASTRUCTURE IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA AND OTHER DEVELOPING COUNTRIESState and local governments face complex and diverse problems that can benefit from intergovernmental and/or cross-sector partnerships. These partnerships help in achieving common goals and solving mutual problems. It also helps in reducing expenditures and setting priorities while maintaining the quality of services. Identify the state or local government that will oversee the formative process for an intergovernmental and/or cross-sector collaboration and provide a brief overview of the state or local problem, including any data supporting the existence of the problem. Discuss if the problem requires one or multisector solutions. Discuss the political factors that could influence collaborative efforts. Consider what resources and organizational capacity exist in the community to address the problem. Available resources and capacity can exist across sectors (public, private, nonprofit). Select a collaboration model (intergovernmental or cross-sector) to better understand and work…
- Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a well-known factor contributing to environmental degradation.Assume that two power plants are built in Kuala Lumpur. The SO2 emissions exceed the emission standard. To meet the standard, 10 units of SO2 must be abated in total. The two power plants have the following total abatement costs: Firm 1: TAC1 = 1.25(A1)^2 Firm 2: TAC2 = 0.3125(A2)^2 i. Prove that a uniform standard will not result in cost-effectiveness solution. ii. Determine how the abatement level should be reallocated across the two firms to cost-effectiveness criteria. iii. Since the externality of SO2 is present, government should intervene to reduce theproblem. Do you agree with this statement? Explain.Suppose that Penn Products and Teller Industries are both emitting 30 metric tons of perfluorocarbons (PFCs) into the atmosphere. Regulators wish to reduce emissions to 40 metric tons overall, and plan to achieve this with a system of tradable permits. Penn’s marginal abatement costs are given by MACP = 5eP, where eP is the number of metric tons of emissions that Penn is cutting. Thus, the cost of cleaning up the first metric ton is $5, the second ton costs $10 to clean up, and so on. Teller’s marginal abatement costs are given by MACT = 7.5eT, where eT is the number of metric tons of emissions that Teller cuts. a. The lowest-cost way to reduce emissions is found when both firms’ marginal abatement costs are equalized. Equate Penn’s and Teller’s marginal abatement costs, and solve for eP in terms of eT. For each metric ton that Teller cuts, how many tons should Penn cut? b. Because 20 metric tons are to be cut, we know that eP + eT = 20. Use your…Considering the enormous potential financial losses that hydrometeorological hazards can cause for individuals, households, communities, provinces, regions, and the country. Is it financially viable to adapt proactive measures to mitigate the effects of these?