Suppose the aggregate MAC function is 100 - 20W and aggregate MD = 5W for a polluting industry. What would the polluting industry's total abatement costs equal if it faced an emissions tax rate equal to 20 dollars per unit emitted? A. 60 B. 20 C. 10 D. 0
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Suppose the aggregate MAC function is 100 - 20W and aggregate MD = 5W for a polluting industry.
What would the polluting industry's total abatement costs equal if it faced an emissions tax rate equal to 20 dollars per unit emitted?
A. 60 B. 20 C. 10 D. 0
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- Suppose the aggregate MAC function is 100 - 20W and aggregate MD = 5W for a polluting industry. 1. Suppose an emissions standard is being considered to achieve the socially optimal emissions level. What would be the total costs that the polluting industry avoids if the regulator decided not to regulate the firm and leave the market as is? A. 0 B. 150 C. 50 D. 10 2. What would the polluting industry's total abatement costs equal if it faced an emissions tax rate equal to 20 dollars per unit emitted? A. 60 B. 20 C. 10 D. 0Suppose that a firm's marginal abatement cost function with existing technologies is MAC = 8 - E. If the firm adopts new pollution abatement technologies, then its marginal abatement cost function will become MAC = 4 - 0.5E. Moreover, assume that the adoption costs for the new technologies are $3. If the government raises the tax on emissions from $1 to $3, then the firm's total costs increase by $____. (Hint: total costs are different from total compliance costs. Total compliance costs are the sum of TAC and tax payment, while total costs are the sum of total compliance costs and adoption costs (remember that adoption costs are only incurred if the firm actually decides to adopt the new technology).) Please round your final answer to two decimal places if necessary. THE ANSWER IS NOT 9Suppose a power generating plant emits particulates that damage crops and affect human health. The relationship between emissions and environmental damage is represented by the marginal damage function, MD=9e where e represents tons of emissions per month. The cost to the firm (and society) of eliminating emissions is represented the marginal abatement cost function, MAC=108.5 - 6.5e Both MD and MAC are dollar costs per month. If the power generating firm were allowed to ignore the social cost of its emissions, what would be the firm’s monthly emission level? Calculate the socially efficient level of pollution. If the emissions calculated in part B is a level found to shorten some people’s lives, could it still be considered socially efficient? Suppose the EPA set an emission standard at the socially efficient level calculated in part B. Calculate the cost to the firm of achieving this standard. Suppose that instead of a standard, the EPA charged an emissions tax. The tax is set at…
- Suppose there are three polluting sources with MAC1 = 100 - 4E, MAC2 = 80 - 2E and MAC3 = 60 - 0.5E. When MAC equals $10, the aggregate level of abatement for these sources would be _______.Suppose that a firm's marginal abatement cost function with existing technologies is MAC = 16 - 2E. If the firm adopts new pollution abatement technologies, then its marginal abatement cost function will become MAC = 8 - E. If the government raises the emissions tax from $2 to $3, then the benefits of adopting the new technologies increase by $____. (Hint: recall that the benefits from adopting new technologies are simply the difference in total compliance costs.) THE ANSWER IS NOT 2 or 1.75 Might be 1.25 or 4.50The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency investigates how emissions of an environmentally hazardous substance from an industrial sector should be regulated, either through a tax on the emissions or through a quantitative regulation (limit value). As this is a new substance (new substance), knowledge of the level of environmental damage and the costs of reducing emissions is uncertain. In more technical terms: the regulatory authorities do not have complete information on the positions on either the dD / dM curve (marginal damages) or the MAC curve (marginal abatement costs). a) Explain and show graphically whether - and if so how - the uncertainty about the position of the MAC curve affects the choice between regulating emissions with a tax or limit value from a socio-economic efficiency perspective. b) Explain and show graphically whether - and if so how - the uncertainty about the position of the dD / dM curve affects the choice between regulating emissions with a tax or limit…
- Suppose that a firm's marginal abatement cost function with existing technologies is MAC = 12 - E. If the firm adopts new pollution abatement technologies, then its marginal abatement cost function will become MAC = 6 - 0.5E. With an emissions tax of $4, the benefits of adopting the new technologies equal $____. Please round your final answer to two decimal places if necessary. THE ANSWER IS NOT 16 Maybe 4?Imagine a firm with a marginal abatement cost (MAC) function equal to: MAC = 27 - 3E. The government introduces a per-unit tax on emissions equal to $6. For a profit-maximizing firm, total compliance costs (total abatement costs plus tax payment) are $____.Plants A and B emit 12 tons and 6 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), respectively. MAC(marginal abatement costs) for a = 12 - Ea, MACb=12-2Eb MD(marginal damage) = 1/3*E (E indicates CO2 emission) Suppose that the emission trading system is introduced and the right to emit 7 tons is given to power plant A and the right to emit 5 tons is given to power plant B. In order for emission permits to be traded, the price of one unit of emission permits must be at least a certain amount (minimum price) and conversely, how much must be less than a maximum (maximum price), that is, explain the fluctuation range of the emission permit price.
- Suppose we are interested in reducing the carbon footprint associated with heating/cooling buildings oncampus. The functions below describe marginal costs ofCO2abatement (expressed as a function of pollution)for two buildings on the Hendrix College campus. These are hypothetical but are influenced by buildingcharacteristics like age, size, and types of usage. (This information is used for questions 1-4) MCMills = 100−10xM MCSLTC = 75−2.5xS 1. If the College pursued its abatement target by directing each building manager to cut emissions in halffor their respective building, what is the total cost of abatement? 2. If the abatement were pursued with an on-campus carbon tax of$30, would there be the same level ofabatement? Show your work and/or explain. 3. If the goal of the college is to meet the abatement target from question 1, what is the appropriate taxrate? 4. If the appropriate tax rate is used (answer from Q3), how much money can be saved compared to thecommand & control…Attached is the marginal abatement costs of three firms, related to the quantity of emissions. Each firm is now emitting 10 tons per week, so total emissions are 30 tons per week. Suppose we wish to reduce emissions by 50 percent, to 15 tons per week. Compare the total cost of doing this: (a) with an equi-proportionate decrease in emissions (b) with a decrease that meets the equi-marginal principle.Consider an industry with two firms that emit a uniformly mixed air pollutant (e.g., carbon dioxide). The marginal abatement cost functions for Firm 1 and Firm 2 are: MAC1 = 100-e1 MAC2 = 100-4e2 Aggregate emissions for the industry are denoted as E = e1 + e2. [1] In an unregulated environment how many units of emissions does each firm emit? Firm 1’s unregulated level of emissions: Firm 2’s unregulated level of emissions: Total unregulated level of emissions: Suppose a regulator has a goal of reducing the total level of emissions from the amount from the amount you answered in [1] to 25 units. The regulator would like to achieve the goal of 25 units of total emissions in a cost-effective way. To do so it issues 25 permits, 10 are given to Firm 1 and 15 are given to Firm 2. A firm can only emit a unit of pollution if they have a permit for that unit, otherwise they must abate. After the permits are allocated, firms are allowed to buy or sell…