DNA: How PCR works and why it's useful?

Q: if you have a dialysis tube filled with 10 mL of 20% sucrose solution in a beaker with 100 mL of…

A: Osmosis is the movement of water across the semipermeable membrane driven by the difference in…

Q: What is the goal of glycolysis? What do we start with and what do we end with? How much net ATP is…

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Q: Chemistry help

A: pI (isoelectric point) is the PH at which a molecule carries no net charge. Isoelectric focusing is…

Q: ATP is deemed the Universal currency for Cell, why do you think now it is the Fact

A: Energy-rich compounds are chemicals with specific structural characteristics that cause an energy…

Q: Using an arrow, draw the site of cleavage for the following peptides that are reacted by:  Pepsin…

A: Site specific proteases are enzymes that cleaves polypeptide chains only at specific points. Trypsin…

Q: Which one of the following statements about PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) synthesis is correct? Pyruvate…

A: PEP, also known as 2-phosphoenolpyruvate, is a crucial biochemical intermediary. It participates in…

Q: Although phosphoesters are generally not energetic enough to donate the phosphate to make a high…

A: For an energetically favorable reaction, the change in free energy will be negative, and for an…

Q: Even though HbA is a heterotetramer (not all the subunits are the same), the alpha- and beta-globin…

A: Haemoglobin is a carrier protein that carries oxygen to the cells . It is present in red blood cells…

Q: One advantage of the protein structures solved by NMR comparing to the x-ray structures is: a. It…

A: Proteins are composed of amino acids attached together via peptide bonds. There are twenty standard…

Q: Based on the structure of sucrose below, is it classified as a reducing sugar? 6CH OH ОН ОН 3…

A: Chemically, carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes/ketones. They have the general formula :…

Q: Which of the following would you expect to happen if amino acids 579 to 582 (YIYV) in the PDGF-Beta…

A: PGDF beta-receptor contain multiple domains that activate the various pathways inside the cell. The…

Q: Which carbohydrate test can you use to distinguish a monosaccharide from a disaccharide? hexoses…

A: A carbohydrate is a biomolecule which consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The hydrogen…

Q: Which of the following statements concerning glycolysis is correct? O The pathway for the process is…

A: The first process in breaking down glucose to release energy for cellular metabolism is called…

Q: Glycolysis Glucose Pyruvate Pyruvate Oxidation Citric Acid Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation (electron…

A: Introduction Cell requires energy for the various activities. Cell gets energy by cellular…

Q: ________________ is the general term for molecules that enzymes modify to produce reaction products.

A: The enzymes are biological catalysts that are mostly protein in nature. The enzymes increases the…

Q: Describe the specific multi-enzyme example discussed in class of how enzyme activity can be altered…

A: Enzymes are usually comprised of proteins. It work as a catalyst for several biochemical reactions.…

Q: Which of the following substances can deliver electrons to the ETC to help pump out H+ across the…

A: Electron transport chain is a chain of electron carriers that transfer electrons to molecular…

Q: Which of the following statements about aromatic amino acids is correct? (a) All are strongly…

A: Organic substances known as amino acids include both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.…

Q: Nomenclature of vitamins (empirical, biochemical, medical).

A: Vitamins are organic nutrients which can not be synthesized in the body, hence, need to be supplied…

Q: Question - is if the cells in our bodies were to convert the required energy into our food substance…

A: Energy must be supplied continuously for living things to exist. This energy is employed in part to…

Q: actate dehydrogenase is a tetramer of MW 134000 g/mole composed of subunits which are equal in size.…

A: Lactate dehydrogenase belongs to the family of oxidoreductases. It catalyzes the conversion of…

Q: Vitamin B3: coenzyme form, functional groups, mechanism of action, biological role, sources, daily…

A: Vitamins are essential nutrients that are required in lesser amounts but are very essential for…

Q: Which of the following statements concerning enzymes is TRUE? a. Enzymes can increase the…

A: Enzymes are biological catalysts that enhance the rate of biochemical reactions.  The enzymes are…

Q: The figure shows an example of a thermal denaturation plot. The melting temperature (Tm) is the…

A: The proteins re folded into their proper three dimensional structure and this folding is driven by…

Q: how many hydrogen can be formed from the question above

A: Hydrogen bond is a non-covalent bond that is formed between the hydrogen atom in a molecular dipole…

Q: Metabolic pathway characteristics: a. Give one example of an amphibolic pathway. b. What…

A: Metabolic pathways are a series of process which includes chemical reactions occurring in a cell.…

Q: In a hydrogen fuel cell, hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are combined to form water. Write the balanced…

A: Water molecule is a compound formed from hydrogen and oxygen gas. It has two Hydrogen atoms and one…

Q: What cell phases do the alkylating agents work on? a)S phase b) G0 c) G1 d) G2 e) M phase

A: Anticancer drugs may be divided (on the basis of stage of cell cycle at which these act) into two…

Q: Experiment: Action of Bromelain in the Setting of Gelatin Why were the results of the freshly…

A: Bromelain is type of proteolytic enzyme that is found in pineapple. It digests the fibrinogen and…

Q: (a) Draw the complete linear structure of a small peptide sequence GAKD. (b) At pH=7.0, how many net…

A: Peptides are composed of twenty standard amino acids. The twenty standard amino acids differ from…

Q: Discuss the role of carbohydrates on cancer and suggest an appropriate treatment

A: Carbohydrates are biomolecules, which are the primary source of energy for the body. All of the…

Q: In the absence of oxygen is glucose the major source of ATP?

A: It is generally agreed upon that ATP serves as the mediator of energy transfer between anabolism and…

Q: Human proteins are made up of ______________ (number of distinct/unique) amino acids.

A: Proteins are made up of amino acids attached together via peptide bonds. The proteins can fold up…

Q: What is the principle involved in mucic acid test?

A: Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. They can be classified into monosaccharides,…

Q: A Biuret test is a chemical test used to determine the presence of a peptide bond in a substance.…

A: The biuret test detects the presence of proteins in a sample solution. The copper ions in the biuret…

Q: Question 23 of 25 Among the given statements, which ones describe the lysosomes? Select the correct…

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Q: Your supervisor asks to make 350 mL of a 0.75% (w/v) starch solution using a 5% (w/v) stock…

A: Given Values: Concentration of the starch stock solution = 5 % The volume of the final starch…

Q: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum can be described in what ways? Select the correct response(s): It…

A: The endoplasmic reticulum is composed of a network of flattened sacs and branching tubules that…

Q: 2. The attached figure is a titration curve for the amino acid glycine. At which pH is glycine…

A: Amino acids are biomolecules that have an amino group, a carboxyl group and a side group that is…

Q: 31. Margarine is made from vegetable oil by a chemical process. Do you suppose this process converts…

A: Margarine is a product derived from vegetable oil, obtained by the hydrogenation,…

Q: 2. You made a pH=2.5 buffer solution by mixing NaOH and glycine to give a solution that is 0.20 M in…

A: Dissociation of a weak acid is mathematically described by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH =…

Q: The figure below illustrates what reactions of amino acids? coo &C=0 CH₂ CH₂ 0=( 00 + NHⓇ NAD(P)H+H…

A: The amino group, carboxyl groups, and side chains of amino acids all play a role in how amino acids…

Q: 27. While culturing some cells, you lower the temperature of the culture. What happens immediately…

A: Cell membrane are composed of lipid bilayer and proteins. Membrane fluidity depends on the content…

Q: What should we do to prevent ourselves from toxic exposure?

A: Many chemical / biochemical species and radiations can have adverse effects on human beings . Some…

Q: The brown discoloration of apples and potatoes is due to an enzyme catalyzed chemical reaction.…

A: Cut apples and potatoes turn brown or discolored on exposure to air. This is due to conversion of a…

Q: Does glycolysis take place in the presence of oxygen? Why or why not

A: Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration in which glucose is oxidised to enter into…

Q: Question 9 of 25 Among the given organelles, which ones are present in animal cells but not in plant…

A: Prokaryotes are organisms without a nuclear envelop while eukaryotes are organisms which possess an…

Q: Phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP), also called lipin, converts phosphatidate to diacylglycerol…

A: Phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) or lipin converts phosphatidate to diacylglycerol (DAG), while…

Q: Select ALL of the following that are made during the Kreb's Cycle. ATP CO₂ NADH FADH2

A: Cellular respiration is a collection of three metabolic pathways that generate ATP by oxidation of…

Q: 1. Under what circumstances in the cell would the entire pentose phosphate pathway be carried out…

A: The pentose phosphate pathway is also called HMP shunt pathway. It branches from glucose 6-phosphate…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.