1 The Nature Of Light 2 Geometric Optics And Image Formation 3 Interference 4 Diffraction 5 Relativity 6 Photons And Matter Waves 7 Quantum Mechanics 8 Atomic Structure 9 Condensed Matter Physics 10 Nuclear Physics 11 Particle Physics And Cosmology Chapter1: The Nature Of Light
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1CYU: Check Your Understanding Table 1.1 shows that ethanol and fresh water have very similar indices of... Problem 1.2CYU: Check Your Understanding In Table 1.1, the solid with the next highest index of refraction after... Problem 1.3CYU: Check Your Understanding At the surface between air and water, light rays can go from air to water... Problem 1.4CYU: Check Your Understanding In the preceding example. how much distance inside the block of flint glass... Problem 1.5CYU: Check Your Understanding in Example 1.6, we had n1n2. If n2were decreased such thatn1n2and the speed... Problem 1.6CYU: Check Your Understanding Although we did no specify the direction in Example 1.7, let’s say the... Problem 1.7CYU: Check Your Understanding What happens at Brewster’s angle if the original incident light is already... Problem 1CQ: Under what conditions can light be modeled like a ray? Like a wave? Problem 2CQ: Why is the index of refraction always greater than or equal to 1? Problem 3CQ: Does the fact that the light flash from lightning reaches you before its sound prove that the speed... Problem 4CQ: Speculate as to s1at physical process might be responsible for light traveling more slowly in a... Problem 5CQ: Using the law of reflection, explain how powder takes the shine off of a person’s nose. What is the... Problem 6CQ: Diffusion by reflection from a rough surface is described in this chapter. Light can also be... Problem 7CQ: Will 1igt change direction toward or away from the perpendicular when it goes from air to water?... Problem 8CQ: Exp1ain why an object in water always appears to be at a depth shallower than it actually is? Problem 9CQ: Explain why a person’s legs appear very short when wading in a pool. Justify your explanation with a... Problem 10CQ: Explain why an oar that is partially submerged in water appears bent. Problem 11CQ: A ring with a colorless gemstone is dropped into water.The gemstone becomes invisible when... Problem 12CQ: The most common type of mirage is an illusion that light from faraway objects is reflected by a pool... Problem 13CQ: How can you use total internal reflection to estimate the index of refraction of a medium? Problem 14CQ: Is it possible that total internal reflection plays a role in rainbows? Explain in terms of indices... Problem 15CQ: A high-quality diamond may be quite clear and colorless, transmitting all visible wavelengths with... Problem 16CQ: How do wave effects depend on the size of the object with which the wave interacts? For example, why... Problem 17CQ: Does Huygens’s principle apply to all types of waves? Problem 18CQ: If diffraction is observed for some phenomenon, it is evidence that the phenomenon is a wave. Does... Problem 19CQ: Can a sound wave in air be polarized? Explain. Problem 20CQ: No light passes through two perfect polarizing filters with perpendicular axes. However, if a third... Problem 21CQ: Explain what happens to the energy carried by light that it is dimmed by passing it through two... Problem 22CQ: When particles scattering light are much smaller than its wavelength, the amount of scattering is... Problem 23CQ: Using the information given in the preceding question, explain why sunsets are red. Problem 24CQ: When light is reflected at Brewster’s angle from a smooth surface, it Is 100’ polarized parallel to... Problem 25CQ: If you lie on a beach looking at the water with yow head tipped slightly sideways, your polarized... Problem 26P: What is the speed of light in water? In glycerine? Problem 27P: What is the speed of light in air? In crown glass? Problem 28P: Calculate the index of refraction for a medium in which the speed of light is 2.120108m/s , and... Problem 29P: In what substance in Table 1.1 is the speed of light 2.290108 m/s? Problem 30P: There was a major collision of an asteroid with the Moon in medieval times. It was described by... Problem 31P: Components of some computers communicate with each other through optical fibers having an index of... Problem 32P: Compare the time it takes for light to travel 1000 m on the surface of Earth and in outer space. Problem 33P: How far does light travel underwater during a time interval of 1.50106 s? Problem 34P: Suppose a man stands in front of a mm-or as show below. His eyes are 1.65 m above the floor and the... Problem 35P: Show that when light reflects from two mirrors that meet each other at a right angle, the outgoing... Problem 36P: On the Moon’s surface, lunar astronauts placed a comet reflector, off which a laser beam Is... Problem 37P: A flat mirror Is neither converging nor diverging. To prove this, consider two rays originating from... Problem 38P: A light beam in air has an angle of incidence of 35° at the surface of a glass plate. What are the... Problem 39P: A light beam in air is incident on the surface of a pond, making an angle of 20° with respect to the... Problem 40P: When a light ray crosses from water into glass, it emerges at an angle of 30with respect to the... Problem 41P: A pencil flashlight submerged in water sends a light beam toward the surface at an angle of... Problem 42P: Light rays from the Sun make a 30° angle to the vertical when seen from below the surface of a body... Problem 43P: The path of a light beam in air goes from an angle of incidence of 35° to an angle of refraction of... Problem 44P: A scuba diver training in a pool looks at his instructor as shown below. What angle does the ray... Problem 45P: (a) Using information in the preceding problem, find the height of the instructor’s head above the... Problem 46P: Verify that the critical angle for light going from water to air is 48.6°, as discussed at the end... Problem 47P: (a) At the end of Example 1.4, it was stated that the critical angle for light going from diamond to... Problem 48P: An optical fiber uses flint glass clad with crown glass. What is the critical angle? Problem 49P: At that minimum angle will you get total internal reflection of light traveling in water and... Problem 50P: Suppose you are using total internal reflection to make an efficient corner reflector. If there is... Problem 51P: You can determine the index of refraction of a substance by determining its critical angle. (a) What... Problem 52P: A ray of light, emitted beneath the surface of an unknown liquid with air above it, undergoes total... Problem 53P: Light rays fall normally on the vertical surface of the glass prism (n=1.50)shown below. (a) What is... Problem 54P: (a) What is the ratio of the speed of red light to violet light in diamond, based on Table 1.2? (b)... Problem 55P: A beam of white light goes from air into water at an incident angle of 75.0. At what angles are the... Problem 56P: By how much do the critical angles for red (660 nm) and violet (410 nm) light differ in a diamond... Problem 57P: (a) A narrow beam of light containing yellow (580 nm) and green (550 nm) wavelengths goes from... Problem 58P: A parallel beam of light containing orange (610 nm) and violet (4.10wm) wavelengths goes from fused... Problem 59P: A ray of 610-nm light goes from air into fused quartz at an incident angle of 55.0. At what incident... Problem 60P: A narrow beam of light containing red (660 nm) and blue (470 nm) wavelengths travels from air... Problem 61P: A narrow beam of white light enters a prism made of crown glass at a 45.0incident angle, as shown... Problem 62P: What angle is needed between the direction of polarized light and the axis of a polarizing filter to... Problem 63P: The angle been the axes of two polarizing filters is 45.00. By how much does the second filter... Problem 64P: Two polarizing sheets P1 and P2 are placed together with their transmission axes oriented at an... Problem 65P: Suppose that in the preceding problem the light incident on P1 is unpolarized. At the determined... Problem 66P: If you have completely polarized light of intensity 150 W/m2 , what will its intensity be after... Problem 67P: What angle would the axis of a polarizing filter need to make with the direction of polarized light... Problem 68P: At the end of Example 17, it was stated that the intensity of polarized light is reduced to 90.0% of... Problem 69P: Show that if you have three polarizing filters, with the second at an angle of 45.0to the first and... Problem 70P: Three polarizing sheets are placed together such that the transmission axis of the second sheet is... Problem 71P: In order to rotate the polarization axis of a beam of linearly polarized light by 90.00, a student... Problem 72P: It is found that when light traveling in water falls on a plastic block, Brewster’s angle is 50.0°.... Problem 73P: At what angle ill lig1t reflected from diamond be completely polarized? Problem 74P: What is Brewster’s angle for light traveling in water that is reflected from crown glass? Problem 75P: A scuba diver sees light reflected from the water’s surface. At what angle relative to the water’s... Problem 76AP: From his measurements, Roemer estimated that it took 22 mm for light to travel a distance equal to... Problem 77AP: Cornu performed Fizeau’s measurement of the speed of light using a wheel of diameter 4.00 cm that... Problem 78AP: Suppose you have an unknown clear substance immersed in water, and you wish to identify it by... Problem 79AP: Shown below is a ray of light going from air through crown glass into water, such as going into a... Problem 80AP: Considering the previous problem, show that 3is the same as it would be if the second medium were... Problem 81AP: At what angle is light inside crown glass completely polarized when reflected from water, as in a... Problem 82AP: Light reflected at 55.6° from a window is completely polarized. What is the window’s index of... Problem 83AP: (a) Light reflected at 62.5° from a gemstone in a ring is completely polarized. Can the gem be a... Problem 84AP: If bis Brewster’s angle for light reflected from the top of an interface between two substances, and... Problem 85AP: Unreasonable results Suppose light travels from water to another substance, with an angle of... Problem 86AP: Unreasonable results Light traveling from water to a gemstone strikes the surface at an angle of... Problem 87AP: If a polarizing filter reduces the intensity of polarized light to 50.0% of its original value, by... Problem 88AP: Suppose you put on two pairs of polarizing sunglasses with their axes at an angle of 15.0 . . How... Problem 89AP: (a) On a day when the intensity of sunlight is 1.00kW/m2 , a circular lens 0.200 m in diameter... Problem 90CP: Light shows staged with lasers use moving mirrors to swing beams and create colorful effects. Show... Problem 91CP: Consider sunlight entering Earth’s atmosphere at sunrise and sunset—that is, at 90.0incident angle.... Problem 92CP: A light ray entering an optical fiber surrounded by air is first refracted and then reflected as... Problem 93CP: A light ray falls on the left face of a prism (see below) at the angle of incidence for which the... Problem 94CP: If the apex angle in the previous problem is 20.0° and n = 1.50, what is the value of a? Problem 95CP: The light incident on polarizing sheet P1is linearly polarized at an angle of 30.00 with respect to... Problem 96CP: Prove that if I is the intensity of light transmitted by two polarizing filters with axes at an... Problem 3CQ: Does the fact that the light flash from lightning reaches you before its sound prove that the speed...
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Does the fact that the light flash from lightning reaches you before its sound prove that the speed of light is extremely large or simply that it is greater than the speed of sound? Discuss how you could use this effect to get an
Definition Definition Rate at which light travels, measured in a vacuum. The speed of light is a universal physical constant used in many areas of physics, most commonly denoted by the letter c . The value of the speed of light c = 299,792,458 m/s, but for most of the calculations, the value of the speed of light is approximated as c = 3 x 10 8 m/s.
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