Does the level of antibody in your serum directly relate to how well you are protected from another exposure to COVID-19? If you have lower levels of antibody, does that mean you are more likely to get sick again in the future?

Q: What is meant by the term “affinity maturation” and what is its significance in the human immune…

A: The Immune System is made up of many types of cells and chemicals that defend our bodies against…

Q: Explain the mechanisms by which antibody diversity and T-cell receptor diversity are achieved.

A: The joining of segments of antibody and T cell receptor (TCR) genes in developing lymphocytes is…

Q: How does Antibody test detect Covid-19 antibodies?

A: The glycoproteins which are synthesized by the B cells differing in their amino acid sequence and…

Q: Explain the phenomenon that represents N- acetylgalactosamine to O antigen to form A antigen.

A: An amino sugar, N- Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is a derivative of galactose that forms the terminal…

Q: How do antibodies work to eradicate pathogens?

A: Antibodies can be referred to as specialized Y-shaped proteins which have the ability to degrade the…

Q: What is the mechanism of type II hypersensitivity?

A: Type II hypersensitivity is a type of mechanisms of the immune system of the body. The immune system…

Q: . Diagram the sequences of events in immediate hypersensitivity

A: Immediate hypersensitivity is also termed type I hypersensitivity. It is a type of allergic reaction…

Q: age? Write down its role in monoclonal antibodies production.

A: Acrylamide is that the material of selection for getting ready cataphoretic gels to separate…

Q: Distinguish between immediate and delayed hypersensitivity. What drugs are used to treat immediate…

A: Hypersensitivity reactions tend to occur when the normal immune system that provides protection to…

Q: Diagram the sequence of events in an antibody-mediated response, including the role of helper T…

A: The immune system is responsible for protecting the body from foreign pathogens. Immune system fight…

Q: Why is iron availability important in body defenses?

A: The cells of the immune system are categorized as neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. The…

Q: Describe the difference between (A) ‘naked antibodies’ and (B) conjugated antibodies in the context…

A: Cancer is a condition in which the cells undergo infinite multiplication and differentiation causing…

Q: 'Gamma-delta' T cells differ from 'alpha-beta' T cells by all of the following except O alpha-beta…

A: 'Gamma-delta' T cells differ from 'alpha-beta' T cells by all of the following except A. alpha-beta…

Q: List Three (3) methods in the production of metabolites and antibodies in mammalian cells

A: Neutralizer proteins are created naturally by humans and creatures after exposure to an unfamiliar…

Q: What is T-cell receptor (TCR) ? How it works ?

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: Name the two types of antibody light chains.

A: Antibodies are Y-shaped specialized proteins that attach like a lock-and-key to a foreign pathogen.…

Q: Match general features of each blood groups in column A with the blood types in column B. |contains…

A: The classification of blood into A, B, AB and O groups. Depending on the pigeons and absence of A…

Q: In clonal selection, “who” does the selecting? What is being selected?

A: Immunology is an important branch of biology which include the study of immunity of different…

Q: Distinguish among the functions of the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3segments of the T cell receptor.

A: Introduction: T cell receptors (TCR) are present on T lymphocytes that are one of the immune cells…

Q: Explain the T cell clonal selection ?

A: The helper T cells or TH cells are the type of T cells that have a role in the adaptive immune…

Q: Briefly describe three ways that antibody diversity is increased.

A: Any foreign material that enters the body and causes harm is referred to as an antigen. The protein…

Q: Breast feeding confers what type of immunity to an infant? O Artificially acquired active

A: The immune system is the human body's defence mechanism against foreign particles such as bacteria,…

Q: Do neutrophils go through (central tolearnce) negative selection when they leave the bone

A: Negative selection tests for self tolerance. Self-tolerance is the ability of the immune system to…

Q: What biochemical mechanism underlies affinity maturation of the antibody response?

A: Antibodies mediate the adaptive immune response and are produced by plasma cells.

Q: True or False: The most abundant type of antibody, IgG, is the first to respond to an invading…

A: Antibody - Antibody is defined as the Y - shaped protein. Antibody is also called as Immunoglobulin.…

Q: What do T cell receptors do and tell How many T cell receptors do T cells have?

A: Lymphocytes are the white blood cells, which also act as the main type of immune cell in an…

Q: List two potentially life-threatening consequences of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction and explain…

A: The immune system is critical for maintaining human health and defending the body from microbial…

Q: What is the difference in the kinetics of antibody formation in response to a first and second…

A: The immune response is a reaction that occurs in an organism to protect against foreign substances.…

Q: What techniques and methods are used to detect T cell signaling defects in a patient?

A: There are several techniques to detect T-cell signaling defects in patients. Some of them are as…

Q: In LeVay’s study, what evidence argues against the idea that INAH-3 volume depends on AIDS rather…

A: The evidence that argues against the thought that INAH-3 volume depends on AIDS rather sexual…

Q: Describe some intracellular host macromolecules that may be bound by steroid molecules to prevent an…

A: A biological system called the immune system is in charge of identifying and eliminating foreign…

Q: What is the relationship between self-tolerance and clonal deletion?

A: The B and T lymphocytes have specific receptors on their surfaces. In B lymphocytes, this receptor…

Q: How we can synthesize specific antibody proteins? What is the main application of antibody proteins?

A: Immune system defence protein known as an antibody, or immunoglobulin, is created in reaction to the…

Q: why is clonal deletion so important? how does it differ from clonal selection

A: Immunology is the branch of medical science that deals with the study of the immune system and…

Q: what is the importance of immune memory?

A: The immune system can be defined as the type of system in the body which protects the body from the…

Q: hat Is Affinity Of An Antibody?

A: Antibodies are immune system proteins that circulate in the bloodstream and identify and kill…

Q: How does antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

A: It is a cell-mediated innate immune response. This response is especially targeted for those…

Q: A monoclonal antibody binds to G-actin but not to F-actin. What does this tell you about the epitope…

A: F-actin is a filamentous assembly of G-actin monomers. The G-actin monomers polymerizes, two by two…

Q: What is a T-cell receptor and how is it involved in T-cell activation?

A: A group of proteins found on T cells, a type of immune cell which recognizes and binds to antigens.…

Q: What cells release histamine during allergic responses?

A: Hypersensitivity refers to immune response, induced by repeated antigen exposure, that results in…

Q: Homing of effector T cells to inflamed tissue is facilitated by the upregulation of _____ on the…

A: Answer : Option (a) VLA -4 Homing of effector T cells to inflamed tissue is facilitated by the…

Q: What are Antibodies and its role to our body? And How does Antibodies fight covid-19 virus?

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: Which mechanisms theoretically prevent B and T lymphocyte auto-reactivity? Which tissues and cells…

A: B and T lymohocytes cells are  typesbof cells produces antibodiea to fight infectious organisms.…

Q: How does the TH1 response differ from the TH2 response?

A: The body's response to substances that it perceives to be dangerous or foreign. Antigens (typically…

Q: Why do you think two signals are required for B- and T-cell activation but only one signal is…

A: A cell that displays antigen bound by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins on its surface…

Immune Disorders

The collaboration between the cells and proteins that work together as a defense system against infection comprises the immune system.Each of them performs a variety of tasks to recognize and/or react against a foreign body.