Draw the structures of reactants and products in the transamination in which glutamate and pyruvate are the starting materials. What cofactor is required for this reaction and what does it look like
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- Draw the structures of reactants and products in the transamination in which glutamate and pyruvate are the starting materials. What cofactor is required for this reaction and what does it look like?
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- Write a balanced equation for the conversion of glycerol into pyruvate. Which enzymes are required in addition to those of the glycolytic pathway?Explain how the conversion of alanine to pyruvic acid (pyruvate) can be identified as an oxidation reaction.Explain the reaction mechanism of Thiamine pyrophosphate and pyridoxal phosphate?
- Using the principles described in the text regarding pyridoxal phosphate mechanisms, propose a mechanism for the reaction catalyzed by serine hydroxymethyltransferase.Pyridoxal phosphate acts as an intermediate carrier of amino groups during transamination reactions. Write a series of reactions to show the role of pyridoxal phosphate in the transamination reaction involving alanine and α-ketoglutarate.Explain how 2-deoxyglucose acts as an inhibitor of glycolysis?
- Describe in detail the structure of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.What is the stoichiometry of the synthesis of (a) ribose 5-phosphate from glucose 6-phosphate without the concomitant generation of NADPH? (b) NADPH from glucose 6- phosphate without the concomitant formation of pentose sugars?If α-ketoglutarate is removed from TCA cycle and used to make glutamate, how many of each of the cofactors (not intermediates) and high energy molecules in the TCA cycle are lost? How much ATP does this equate to (NADH = 2.5 ATP, FADH2 = 1.5 ATP)?
- Citrate synthase mediates the transfer of what functional group to produce citrate from Oxaloacetate?Explain why the use of the ATP analog below in the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase might lead to a carboxylated ATP derivative rather than the normal product oxaloacetateStarting with pyruvate (CH3COCOO—) as the precursor, the first step of gluconeogenesis is activation of pyruvate. Show the reaction for activation of pyruvate. Name the enzyme and coenzyme for this reaction. Why is the activation step necessary? What is the next step after the activation step?