Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused bya recessive mutant allele of an X-linked gene calleddystrophin. Rarely, females have disease symptomsas severe as those in males hemizygous for therecessive allele. These females are heterozygous forX-autosome reciprocal translocations where the Xchromosome breakage occurred in the middle of thedystrophin gene, breaking it into two pieces.a. If it is equally likely for X chromosome inactivation to spread from either of the X chromosomeinactivation centers (XICs; see Fig. 12.15) in thecells of this patient, what proportion of her cellswould you expect to have normal function of thedystrophin gene?

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A: The distance between the two genes N and L  can be surveyed by making crosses and by examining the…

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A:

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A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three sub-parts for…

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A: As per out honor code, we are allowed to answer only three subparts. You have posted multiple…

Q: Refer to the pedigree below for this question. Individuals who are shaded have an X-linked disorder.…

A: X linked traits  The phenotype which is located on the X chromosome. In humans, their are two X…

Stress

Stress is defined as the feeling of being overwhelmed or unable to cope with emotional or mental pressure. Any event or action that makes a person annoyed, furious, or nervous can trigger it. Chemical changes in the body caused by stress can cause blood pressure, blood sugar levels, and heart rate to rise.