Congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare lung disease in humans. The disease is caused by a recessive mutation in the gene CSF2RA. CSF2RA is located within a pseudoautosomal region of the X and Y chromosomes. The normal allele is notated as Cnorm, and the mutant allele is notated as Cmut. Suppose that a woman with Cnorm on both X chromosomes (XCnormyCnorm) has children with a man with Cmut on the X chromosome and Cnorm on the Y chromosome (XCmutyCnorm Select all possible genotypes of their offspring Select all possible genotypes of their offspring for males. for females. O xCnormy Cnorm O xCnormyCnorm O xCnormyCmut O xCmutyCmut O xCmutxCmut O xCmutyCnorm O xCnormyCmut
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- . For several years, Hans Nachtsheim investigated an inherited anomaly of the white blood cells of rabbits. Thisanomaly, termed the Pelger anomaly, is the arrest ofthe segmentation of the nuclei of certain white cells. Thisanomaly does not appear to seriously burden the rabbits.a. When rabbits showing the Pelger anomaly were matedwith rabbits from a true-breeding normal stock,Nachtsheim counted 217 offspring showing the Pelgeranomaly and 237 normal progeny. What is the geneticbasis of the Pelger anomaly?b. When rabbits with the Pelger anomaly were matedwith each other, Nachtsheim found 223 normal progeny,439 with the Pelger anomaly, and 39 extremely abnormalprogeny. These very abnormal progeny not only haddefective white blood cells, but also showed severedeformities of the skeletal system; almost all of themdied soon after birth. In genetic terms, what do yousuppose these extremely defective rabbits represented?Why were there only 39 of them?c. What additional experimental evidence…Duchenne muscular dystrophy is sex linked and usuallyaffects only males. Victims of the disease become progressively weaker, starting early in life.a. What is the probability that a woman whose brotherhas Duchenne’s disease will have an affected child?b. If your mother’s brother (your uncle) had Duchenne’sdisease, what is the probability that you have receivedthe allele?c. If your father’s brother had the disease, what is theprobability that you have received the allele?The most common form of colorblindness is a recessive, sex-linked hereditary con dition caused by a defect on the X chromosome. Females are XX, while males are XY. Individuals inherit one chromosome from each parent, with equal probability; for example, an individual has a 50% chance of inheriting their father's X chromosome, and a 50% chance of inheriting their father's Y chromosome. If a male has an X chromosome with the defect, he is colorblind. However, a female with only one defective X chromo some will not be colorblind. Thus, colorblindness is more common in males than females; 7% of males are colorblind but only 0.5% of females are colorblind. (a) Assume that the X chromosome with the wild-type allele is X+ and the one with the disease allele is X. What is the expected frequency of each possible female genotype: X+X+, X+X¯, and X-X-? What is the expected frequency of each possible male genotype: X+ Y and X-Y? (b) Suppose that two parents are not colorblind. What is the…
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused bya recessive mutant allele of an X-linked gene calleddystrophin. Rarely, females have disease symptomsas severe as those in males hemizygous for therecessive allele. These females are heterozygous forX-autosome reciprocal translocations where the Xchromosome breakage occurred in the middle of thedystrophin gene, breaking it into two pieces.a. If it is equally likely for X chromosome inactivation to spread from either of the X chromosomeinactivation centers (XICs; see Fig. 12.15) in thecells of this patient, what proportion of her cellswould you expect to have normal function of thedystrophin gene?Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a recessive disorder caused by a rare,loss-of-function allele that is located on the X chromosome in humans. Anunaffected woman (i.e., without disease symptoms) who is heterozygousfor the X-linked allele causing Duchenne muscular dystrophy has childrenwith a man with a functional (non-disease-causing) allele. What is theprobability that this couple will have an unaffected son?The recessive, X-linked z1mutation of the Drosophilagene zeste (z) can produce a yellow (zeste) eye coloronly in flies that have two or more copies of the wildtype white (w) gene. Using this property, tandem duplications of the w+ gene called w+Rwere identified.Males with the genotype y+ z1w+R spl+ / Y thus havezeste eyes. These males were crossed to females withthe genotype y z1 w+R spl / y+ z1 w+R spl+. (These fourgenes are closely linked on the X chromosome, in theorder given in the genotype, with the centromere tothe right of all these genes: y = yellow bodies; y+ =tan bodies; spl = split bristles; spl+ = normal bristles.) Out of 81,540 male progeny of these females,the following exceptions were found:Class A 2430 yellow bodies, zeste eyes, wild-type bristlesClass B 2394 tan bodies, zeste eyes, split bristlesClass C 23 yellow bodies, wild-type eyes, wild-type bristlesClass D 22 tan bodies, wild-type eyes, split bristlesa. What were the phenotypes of the remainder of the81,540 males…
- The Mic2 gene in humans is present on both the X and Y chromosome. Let’s suppose the Mic2 gene exists in a dominant Mic2 allele, which results in normal surface antigen production, and arecessive mic2 allele, which results in defective surface antigenproduction. Using molecular techniques, it is possible to distinguish homozygous and heterozygous individuals. By followingthe transmission of the Mic2 and mic2 alleles in a large human pedigree, would it be possible to distinguish between pseudoautosomalinheritance and autosomal inheritance? Explain your answerHemophilia A is caused by a recessive X-linked allele that encodes a defective form of a clotting protein. If a affected father and a mother who is known to not be a carrier have children, what percentage of female offspring will have hemophilia?Suppose gene B is X-linked and is embryonically lethal when homozygous or hemizygous recessive. A man marries a woman who is heterozygous for this gene. They want to have three kids – one girl and two boys. Using a Punnett square, answer the following: What is the probability that they will have a son that dies before birth? _______________________ What is the probability that they will have a daughter who has the same genotype as her mother? _________________ One of their daughters eventually has a child with a man. One of their sons dies before birth. What was the genotype of this daughter? _______________________________ please show me how to get the answer and explain how you got and use a punnet square
- In 1952, an article in the British Medical Journalreported interesting differences in the behavior ofblood plasma obtained from several people who suffered from X-linked recessive hemophilia. Whenmixed together, the cell-free blood plasma from certain combinations of individuals could form clots inthe test tube. For example, the following table showswhether clots could form (+) or not (−) in variouscombinations of plasma from four people withhemophilia:1 and 1 − 2 and 3 +1 and 2 − 2 and 4 +1 and 3 + 3 and 3 −1 and 4 + 3 and 4 −2 and 2 − 4 and 4 −What do these data tell you about the inheritance ofhemophilia in these individuals? Do these data allowyou to exclude any models for the biochemical pathway governing blood clotting?Figure 1-15 shows the family tree, or pedigree, for LouiseBenge (Individual VI-1) who suffers from the diseaseACDC because she has two mutant copies of the CD73gene. She has four siblings (VI-2, VI-3, VI-4, and VI-5)who have this disease for the same reason. Do all of the10 children of Louise and her siblings have the samenumber of mutant copies of the CD73 gene, or mightthis number be different for some of the 10 children?In humans the allele coding for normal metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine (P) is dominant over the recessive autosomal allele (p) that causes the disease phenylketonuria, or PKU. Without treatment, this disease is characterized by brain damage due to the failure of the gene to code correctly for the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. If a man marries a woman and both are heterozygous for hemophilia and heterozygous for PKU, what is the chance that they will have a child afflicted by both diseases? Your response MUST include:(a): list the traits involved (example: Color: Blue- B (dominate) Green - b (recessive) -Do not use this example as this is not part of the problem(b): identify if its a monohybrid or dihybrid cross and why (use prompt above) (c): create a punnet square that represents the problem above