e mother has good XX chromosomes, what is the probability that a son will inherit the disease? e mother has good XX chromosomes, what is the probability that a daughter will inherit the disease? one good X chromosome and the father has good XY chromosomes, what is the probability that a son wi i one good X chromosome and the father has good XY chromosomes, what is the probability that a daughter
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- luyckx et al. 2012 discovered that resistances to the bacterial parasite Pasteuria ramosa is genetically variable in the common freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. to investigate the genetic basis of this cariation, they crossed a completely resistant lineage to a completely susceptible lineage. All the F1 offspring were resistant. these offspring, when mature, were then crossed to each other to produce an F2 generation. if resistance is the result of only a single gene with 2 forms (alleles), then resistant and suspectible F2 offspring should occur in a 3:1 ratio. of 71 F2's tested,57 were resistant and 14 were susceptible. Answer these Q's: a) calculate the range of most-plausible values for the proportion of resistant offspring. Does the plausible range include the proportion predicted if resistence is determined by a single gene? b.) give two other values for the proportion that are also consistent with the data. c.) test the genetic hypothesis. Are the results compatible with…In the current pandemic, researchers are working on creating antibody tests to determine which individuals have already had an infection caused by the COVID-19 virus. If someone has been infected, then they will have certain antibodies in their system and the hope is that a highly accurate test can be created to detect these antibodies. Assume a researcher creates a new antibody test, which for individuals who are known to have had the infection in the past and thus truly have the COVID-19 antibodies, gives a positive result 95% of the time. This same test gives a negative result 90% of time for people who do not have the antibodies. Assume that COVID-19 has affected 5% of the population in the region of interest. What is the probability someone has NOT been infected previously given that their antibody test result comes back positive? [four decimals]Suppose a birth defect has a recessive form of inheritance.In a study population, the recessive gene (a) initially has aprevalence of 25%. A subject has the birth defect if bothmaternal and paternal genes are of type a. A further study finds that after 10 generations (≈200 years)a lot of inbreeding has taken place in the population. Twosubpopulations (populations A and B), consisting of 30%and 70% of the general population, respectively, haveformed. Within population A, prevalence of the recessivegene is 40%, whereas in population B it is 10%. Suppose that a baby is born with a birth defect,but the baby’s ancestry is unknown. What is the posteriorprobability that the baby will have both parents from population A, both parents from population B, or mixed ancestry,respectively? (Hint: Use Bayes’ rule.)
- 3.Luijckx et al (2012) discovered that resistance to the bacterial parasite Pasteuria ramose is genetically variable in the common freshwater crustacean, Daphnia magna. To investigate the genetic basis of this variation, they crossed a completely resistant lineage to a completely susceptible lineage. All the F1 offspring were resistant. These offspring, when mature, were then crossed to each other to produce an F2 generation. If resistance is the result of only a single gene with two forms (alleles) then resistant and susceptible F offspring should occur in a 3:1 ratio. Of 71 F2’s tested, 57 were resistant and 14 were susceptible. a.With these data, calculate the range of most plausible-values for the proportion of resistant offspring. Does the plausible range include the proportion predicted if resistance is determined by a single gene? b.Give two other values for proportion that are also consistent with the data. c.Test the genetic hypothesis. Are the results compatible with the…Sickle-cell anemia is an inherited disease in which red blood cells are misshapen and sticky. Sickle cells tend to form clumps in blood vessels, inhibiting the flow of blood. Humans have two genes for sickle-cell anemia, either of which may be S for normal cells or s for sickle cells. A person with two copies of the s gene will have sickle-cell anemia. A person with one s gene and one S gene will not have the disease, but will be a carrier, which means that the s gene may be transmitted to the person’s offspring. If two carriers have a child, the probability is 0.25 that the child will have the disease and 0.5 that the child will be a carrier. Outcomes among children are independent. a) A mother and father who are both carriers have two children. What is the probability that neither child has the disease? b) What is the probability that both children are carriers? c) If neither child has the disease, what is the probability that both are carriers? d) A woman who is the child of two…X-Linked Genetic Disease Men have XY (or YX) chromosomes and women have XX chromosomes. X-linked recessive genetic diseases (such as juvenile retinoschisis) occur when there is a defective X chromosome that occurs without a paired X chromosome that is good. In the following, represent a defective X chromosome with lowercase x, so a child with the xY or Yx pair of chromosomes will have the disease and a child with XX or XY or YX or xX or Xx will not have the disease. Each parent contributes one of the chromosomes to the child. a. If a father has the defective x chromosome and the mother has good XX chromosomes, what is the probability that a son will inherit the disease? b. If a father has the defective x chromosome and the mother has good XX chromosomes, what is the probability that a daughter will inherit the disease? c. If a mother has one defective x chromosome and one good X chromosome and the father has good XY chromosomes, what is the probability that a son will inherit the…
- Suppose 84% of hypertensives and 23% of normotensives are classified as hypertensive by an automated blood-pressure machine. What are the Predictive value positive and Predictive value Negative of the machine, assuming 20% of the adult population is hypertensive?Sickle-cell anemia is a hereditary chronic blood disease that is extremely severe when an individual carries two copies of the defective gene. It is particularly common in countries plagued by malaria, a parasiticinfection transmitted by mosquitoes. A study in Africa tested 543 children for the sickle-cell gene and also for malaria. In Group 1 which consisted of 136 children with the sickle-cell gene, 36 children had severe malariainfections. Group 2 consisted of 407 children without the sickle-cell gene, and 152 of them had severe malaria infections. Conduct a test to determine if the proportion of severe malaria infections among children withthe sickle-cell trait is different from that among children without. Test at 5% level of significance. Question: What is your p value and t statistic ?in a study of pain relievers, 100 people were given product a, and all but 27 experienced relief. in the same study, 25 people were given product b, and all but 9 experienced relief. Product A or B choose one performed better in the study. That is only because only __% failed to get relief with this product, whereas __% failed to get relief with product a or b choose one.
- Suppose that in manufacturing a very sensitive electronic component, a company and its customers have tolerated a 2% defective rate. Recently, however, several customers have been complaining that there seem to be more defectives than in the past. Given that the company has made recent modifications to its manufacturing process, it is wondering if in fact the defective rate has increased from 2%. For quality assurance purposes, you decide to randomly select 1,000 of these electronic components before they are shipped to customers. Of the 1,000 components, you find 25 that are defective. Assume that the company produces a very large number of these components on any given day. Set up an appropriate hypothesis to test whether or not the defect rate has increased. Before proceeding to test your hypothesis, check that all assumptions and conditions are satisfied for such a test. Conduct the test using a .05 level of significance (alpha) and state your decision about…Suppose that in manufacturing a very sensitive electronic component, a company and its customers have tolerated a 2% defective rate. Recently, however, several customers have been complaining that there seem to be more defectives than in the past. Given that the company has made recent modifications to its manufacturing process, it is wondering if in fact the defective rate has increased from 2%. For quality assurance purposes, you decide to randomly select 1,000 of these electronic components before they are shipped to customers. Of the 1,000 components, you find 25 that are defective. Assume that the company produces a very large number of these components on any given day. Conduct the test using a .05 level of significance (alpha) and state your decision about whether or not you believe that the defect rate has increased. What would be the minimum number of defectives in a random sample of 1,000 would you need to find in order to statistically decide that the defect…The phenotypic ratio 85 of the A type and 15 of the a-type (homozygous recessive). In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygote’s, however, we would have predicted a 3:1 ratio of phenotypes. In other words, we would have expected to get 75 A-type and 25 a-type. Are or results different.