Indicate whether the following statement is true, false, or uncertain and explain your answer using words, graphs and equations as appropriate. (i) Decreasing reserves is a type of expansionary monetary policy. (ii) If only unanticipated changes in the money supply affect real GDP, the public has rational expectations, and everyone has the same information about the state of the economy, then monetary policy cannot be used to systematically stabilize output. Along a SRAS curve, if the level of output is less than the natural level of output, then the price level is greater than the expected price level. (ii)
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- When might conventional monetary policy not work? O A. When there is too much inflation. OB. When there is a recession. OC. When central banks need interest-rate tools. OD. When there is a zero-lower-bound problem. Note:- Please avoid using ChatGPT and refrain from providing handwritten solutions; otherwise, I will definitely give a downvote. Also, be mindful of plagiarism. Answer completely and accurate answer. Rest assured, you will receive an upvote if the answer is accurate.All of the major orthodox approaches to macroeconomics presume that money is neutral at least in thelong run, although it might not be neutral in the short run. On the other hand, most heterodoxapproaches argue that money cannot be neutral. Compare and contrast these approaches to monetaryneutrality. Be sure to include a discussion of the positions taken by the following schools of thought:New Classical, Real Business Cycle, New Keynesian, Post Keynesian, and Institutionalist.Suppose a given country experienced low and stableinflation rates for quite some time, but then inflation picked up and over the past decade had beenrelatively high and quite unpredictable. Explain howthis new inflationary environment would affect thedemand for money according to portfolio theories ofmoney demand. What would happen if the governmentdecided to issue inflation-protected securities?
- What is rational expectation? Explain why rational expectation impliesa steeper short run aggregate supply curve. Using this to evaluate theeffectiveness of this expansionary monetary policy in tackling therecessionUse Dornbusch’s overshooting model to discuss fully what will happen (in the short- and long-runs) to the e ($ per pound) if the Fed engages in contractionary monetary policy. You must use the appropriate graph, explain any shift(s), explain why any disequilibrium(a) exists and how it(they) are resolved. Be sure to indicate short-run and long-run equilibria. What roles do UIP and PPP play in this model? Explain why e overshoots.: In an economic environment where the initial policy interest rate (ip) and the equilibrium interestrate (ie) are equal in the reserve market, the central bank plans to lower the required reserve ratios inorder to recover from the economic recession. If this monetary policy measure is implemented,a. How a divergence occurs between the policy interest rate and the equilibrium interest rate?b. What kind of measure should the central bank take to keep the equilibrium and the policyinterest rates equal?
- Since the end of the Great Recession of 2008, interest rates have been at historic lows—in some cases, close to zero. How is expansionary monetary policy, or more specifically a open market purchase, supposed to work and How do near-zero interest rates limit the ability of expansionary monetary policy to work? how effective has the Fed’s policy been as a response to the Great Recession of 2008 and more recently the Covid 19 Recession? short answer ( paragraph ) supported by evidenceTrue/False and Explain. Evaluate whether the following statement is true or false and explain why.NK economy. Monetary policy is non-neutral in the New Keynesian Economy for all k _>0, where k is the degree of nominal rigidity.only part B To facilitate economic recovery since the Financial Tsunami in 2008, manydeveloped countries adopted accommodation policies. However, there areheated debates on whether the accommodation policies should be conductedby rule or discretion.a. What is the time inconsistency problem? Explain why this problem can be avoided if monetary policy is conducted by rule rather than discretion. Illustrate with an example of a disinflation policy. b. Suppose in Country B, the housing bubble bursts. Household wealth has been reduced tremendously.i. Use the IS-LM model to explain the short-run effects of thehousing bubble bursts. ii. Suppose her central bank targets on the interest rates as a rule of her monetary policy.Given this rule, what will the central bank in Country B do?Explain why this rule might create a more severe recession
- As a manager of a firm, you are concerned about the rise of inflation rate from 3 to 5 percent(annualized) over the last four months despite the growth of the economy.a. Given the above situation should BNM adjust the monetary policy? Is so, explain theappropriate monetary policy BNM would use. Be sure to discuss how the monetarypolicy would be able to manage inflation while managing economic growth.For this question, assume that the Fed sets monetary policy according to the Taylor rule. Suppose current U.S. macroeconomic conditions are represented by the following: π < π?* and u > un. Given this information, we would expect that the Fed will: A.implement a monetary contraction. B.more information is need to answer this question. C.maintain its current stance of monetary policy. D.implement a monetary expansion. Which of the following would cause an increase in M1? A.a reduction in the required ratio of reserves to deposits B.an increase in the discount rate C.an open market operation where the Fed buys bonds D.thes all of these E.none of theseWhat evidence is used to assess the stability of themoney demand function? What does the evidence suggest about the stability of money demand, and how hasthis conclusion affected monetary policymaking?