Elemental cesium reacts more violently with water than doeselemental sodium. Which of the following best explains thisdifference in reactivity? (i) Sodium has greater metallic characterthan does cesium. (ii) The first ionization energy ofcesium is less than that of sodium. (iii) The electron affinityof sodium is smaller than that of cesium. (iv) The effectivenuclear charge for cesium is less than that of sodium. (v) Theatomic radius of cesium is smaller than that of sodium.

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