Elemental Li and Na are prepared by electrolysis of a molten salt, whereas K, Rb, and Cs are prepared by chemical reduction(a) In general terms, explain why the alkali metals cannot be pre-pared by electrolysis of their aqueous salt solutions. (b) Use ion-ization energies to explain why calcium should notbe able to isolate Rb frommolten RbX (X halide). (c) Use physical properties to explainwhy calcium isused to isolate Rb from molten RbX. (d) Can Cabe used to isolate Cs from molten CsX? Explain.

Q: Lithium salts are often much less soluble in water than the corresponding salts of other alkali…

A: When the amount of substance dissolved in a solution is maximum which is suppose x then that amount…

Q: Without consulting any source other than a periodic table, what relative level of toughness would…

A: Ti -Titanium is the transition metal having atomic number 22.  Ti can loses its two electrons to…

Q: 17. Which of the following pairs of oxides will react with both dilute acid and alkali to form…

A: This is an acid base reaction

Q: Calcium metal is obtained by direct electrolysis of molten CaCl2. If a metallurgical electrolysis…

A: In CaCl2 we have Ca2+ metal ion  hence to convert it into Ca metal, the reaction occurring will be…

Q: An element forms an oxide, E₂O₃, and a fluoride, EF₃.(a) Of which two groups might E be a member?(b)…

A: a. (a) When element E form oxide E2O3 then oxidation state of E is +3. When it forms fluoride EF3…

Q: The key reaction (unbalanced) in the manufacture of syn-thetic cryolite for aluminum electrolysis is…

A: The balanced chemical equation is as follows, The moles of Na3AlF6 is calculated from aluminium…

Q: Cite and explain three reasons why ferrous alloys are used so extensively.

A: Three reasons why ferrous alloys are used so extensively have to be explained below.

Q: 7) Calcium metal is obtained by direct electrolysis of molten CaCl2. If a metallurgical electrolysis…

A: Ca2+ + 2e- => Ca.  This shows that 2 mole of electrons is needed for one mole of calcium.  1 mole…

Q: What chemical process is used for obtaining a metal from its oxide?

A: The chemical process used for obtaining metal from its oxide:

Q: Explain each of the following observations: (a) At roomtemperature I2 is a solid, Br2 is a liquid,…

A: (A) I2 has atoms which have the highest atomic radii in their family, and thus they have higher…

Q: In some reactions, Be behaves like a typical alkaline earth metal; in others, it does not. Complete…

A: To find: Complete and balance the given equation and  Determination of reaction in which Be behave…

Q: What is the significance of leaching in the extraction of aluminium ?

A:

Q: Calcium metal is obtained by direct electrolysis of molten CaCl2. If a metallurgical electrolysis…

A:

Q: How many grams of rhodium (Rh) can be deposited on a ring used as a cathode by electrolysis of a…

A: Rh3+  + 3e-   -----> Rh Equivalent mass of Rh , E = M/n.f = 103/3 g/eq = 34.33 g/eq Z = E/F =…

Q: >Sodium peroxide is a very powerful oxidizing agent. Balance the reaction of sodium peroxide with…

A: The reaction between sodium peroxide and elemental iron is an oxidation-reduction reaction.  The…

Q: What is the allowable contamination of Aluminium?

A: Given: What is the allowable contamination of Aluminium?     To find: find the allowable…

Q: The electrolysis of GaBr3 at high temperature produces gallium metal. If a constant electrical…

A:

Q: Semiconductors made from elements in Groups 3A(13)and 5A(15) are typically prepared by direct…

A: Given: Mass of molten gallium     = 32.5 g Volume of molten gallium = 20.4 L Temperature…

Q: (a) Giving examples differentiate between calcination and roasting.(b) What is the role of cryolite…

A: Hello. Since more than one question has been asked, the first question shall only be answered in…

Q: Why are sulphide ores converted to oxide before reduction?

A: The main principle of conversion of ores into respective metal is that ores must be changed into…

Q: (a) A alkali metals react withhydrogen to form hydrides and react with halogens to formhalides.…

A: Alkali metals are the elements of the periodic table placed in group-1. They are most…

Q: What ions are present in solution? Write a balanced equation for the reaction of K(s) with H2O(1).…

A: Chemical equation is the equation in which the chemical reaction is represented. All the reactant…

Q: The most important oxides of iron are magnetite, Fe3O4,and hematite, Fe2O3. (a) What are the…

A: Oxidation state is referred as the  total no. of electrons lost or gained by the atom to form a…

Q: Consider the production of 100 kg of sodium metal using a current of 50,000 A, assuming a 100%…

A: (a) Given mass of Na metal (w) = 100 kg = 105 g Electric current (I) = 50,000 A Na+ + e- → Na(s)…

Q: (i) Thermal stability of hydrides of group 16 elements decreases downthe group. Why?(ii) Compare the…

A: i) The thermal stability of the hydrides of group 16 elements decreases down the group, i.e., H2O…

Q: Calculate the electric charge (in Coulombs) required to deposit 13.5 grams of Al from Al3+ ions.

A: Given,  Mass of Al = 13.5 g  Calculate electrical charge (in Coulombs) required to deposit 13.5 g of…

Q: The lanthanide elements react with oxygen to give compounds of the type Ln2O3 (where Ln stands for a…

A: a)  Given that : % mass of Tb = 73.945 % Thus, % mass of O = 100 - 73.945 = 26.055 % Let us consider…

Q: Why does the reactivity of the alkali metals decrease from cesium to lithium?

A: The alkali earth metal include: Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs. They have a valence electron configuration…

Q: Consider the given Ellingham diagram. At 1000 °C, which among Mg, Al, and Zn can be extracted from…

A: Given:  Ellingham diagrams are plots of standard free energy change versus temperature for the…

Q: Why are the lanthanoid elements not found in nature in their elemental forms?

A:

Q: Some of the water on earth was formed by the interaction ofiron and silicon oxides and methane.…

A: When chemical substances combine such that their ionic or molecular structures change to generate…

Q: When aluminum replaces up to half of the silicon atomsin SiO2, a mineral class called feldspars…

A: The feldspar is a mixture of minerals of metals. The ratio of Al : Si is 0.5. So one Al ion per…

Q: 8) Why are some elements, such as Zn or Si, greatly enriched in deep waters of the North Pacific…

A:

Q: The first ionization energies of iron, cobalt, nickel, and the first three platinum metals are all…

A: The ionization energy is the energy needed to remove an electron from the outermost shell of the…

Q: There have been some predictions that element 114 willbe relatively stable in comparison with many…

A: The electronic configuration for 114 elements can be given as follows: [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2 It is…

Q: Although thermodynamically feasible, in practice, magnesium metal is not used for reduction of…

A: The objective of the question is to explain the reason that although thermodynamically feasible in…

Refining of Crude Metal

Metallurgy could be defined as a technique by which metals can be extracted in their pure nature. Extractive metallurgy directs with the route of eradicating the valuable metals from ores and purifying the extracted metals to pure nature. In hydrometallurgy, the metal extraction’s from their ores is done using an aqueous solution. In the pyrometallurgical process, high temperatures are employed to initiate the reactions between gases, molten metals, and solids. In electrometallurgy, the technique is carried in an electrolytic cell.