estimate the fraction of electrons above fermi level in sodium and copper at room temperature

Q: 03. How can we determine of the band-gap of gemanium from electrical measurements?

A: Band gap of semiconductor like germanium can be determined by the study of the Variation of its…

Q: Divalent ionic crystals. Barium oxide has the NaCl structure. Estimate the cohesive energies per…

A: For the given crystal Ba+O​​​​​​-​​ The required net amount of energy to form Ba+ and O​​​​​​- is…

Q: Explain the following terms with one example each :(a) Ferrimagnetism…

A: a) Ferrimagnetism It is a property of a substance in which its magnetic moments of the domains are…

Q: Calculate the vapor volume (m3) for 6 moles of CS2 (SG = 1.26).

A: Given: Moles of CS2 = 6 mol. And specific gravity of liquid = 1.26

Q: 5. Strontium (Sr: [Kr]5s2) crystal has a mass density of 2.64 g/cm3 and a molar mass of 87.62 g/mol.…

A: Mass density = 2.64 g cm-3 Molar mass   = 87.62 g mol-1

Q: Two lasers generate radiation of (1) 9.5 µm and (2) 0.1 µm respectively. (a) For each of the…

A: a. Energy of a radiation is relation to energy as: E=hcλ where, h = Planck's constant = 6.626×10-34…

Q: The Latimer diagram for nitrogen in acidic solution at 25 °C is shown. Classify each species based…

A: The Latimer diagram shows the the species in decreasing order of oxidation states of N.

Q: melting and boiling points of d-block elements are very high. explain, also variation in M.P and B.P…

A: The melting and boiling point of d-block elements are very high except Zn, Cd and Hg. The transition…

Q: The standard free energy of formation of cubic silicon carbide (SiC) is 62.8 kJ mol-1 . Determine…

A: The change in free energy is used for the prediction of direction of the chemical reaction at…

Q: Diffusion does not have an effect on______. a) Doping in semiconductors b) Production of alloys c)…

A: Diffusion doesn't not have an effect on heat treatment of metals .  In production of alloy the metal…

Q: what is the difference between ferromagnetic and paramagnetic?

A: All matter can be classified as solid, liquid and gases mainly. In these physical states of matter,…

Q: On heating a crystal of KC1 in potassium vapour, the crystal starts exhibitinga violet colour. What…

A: F-centres are the anion vacancies engaged by free electrons as in alkali metal halides.

Q: Define the term a substitutional alloy?

A: Alloy is the one which is formed by mixing the metals.

Q: Explain why does conductivity of germanium crystals increase on doping with galium.

A: Gallium is a trivalent element while germanium is tetravalent

Q: Nb has Tc = 9.5 K and Hc(0) = 158 kA m−1. Calculate the highest magnetic field at which…

A:

Q: Determine the lattice constant, a (in nm), of a metal conforming to the FCC structure having an…

A: For a FCC lattice the relation between lattice constant (a) and radius of atom (r) is 4r=2a Here…

Q: calculate the linear electron density of gallium arsenide in with is 10 nm the sub band values of…

A:

Q: Which groups of elements have the best and which the poorest electrical conductivities? Explain.

A: For an element to conduct electricity, it must have free electron to move around.

Q: What is semi-conductor?

A: Conductors are those substances which allow the flow of heat and electricity through them while…

Q: Explain the process of making an n -type and p -type semiconductor materials

A: p -type semiconductor : When a semiconductor ( Ge or Si ) is doped with electron deficient impurity…

Q: Discuss the following sentences: 7- The role of PbO in glass.

A:

Q: Explain why the energetics of dissolution can be different for elements in the same group?

A: Dissolution energy is defined as the amount of energy released when a solute is dissolved in a…

Q: Account for the fact that LiF and CsI have low solubility in water whereas LiI and CsF are very…

A:

Q: Interpret the variation, including the overall trend across the 3d series, of the following values…

A: The total energy required to break the crystal lattice of a salt into its constituent ions is known…

Q: Direct bandgap semiconductor materials generally support radiative (optoelectronic) transitions…

A: Interpretation-  To interpret why direct bandgap semiconductor materials generally support radiative…

Q: What are semi-conductors?

A: Conductors are those substances which allow heat or electricity to pass through it while insulators…

Q: What are n-type semiconductors?

A: A n-type semiconductor is defined as a type of extrinsic semiconductor which is doped with a…

Q: 0.84 g of a metallic element reacts completely with 5000 cm3 of oxygen at 441 K and 22 kPa pressure…

A:

Q: By making use of CFT in tetrahedral and octahedral geometries, predict whether nickel ferrite…

A:

Q: Describe the preparation of (i) Potassium dichromate from sodium chromate

A: Describe the preparation of (i) Potassium dichromate from sodium chromate

Q: How can the conductivity of semi-conductors be controlled?

A: The conductivity of semiconductors may easily be modified by introducing impurities into their…

Q: Predict the structure and label the charges on the cations in the mineral hedenbergite, CaFeSi2O6

A: Molecular geometry is the 3-D representation of the molecule in a space. In terms of electron…

Q: Use the themodynamic data to estimate the boiling point of bromine, Brz.

A: The values of  standard enthalpy change (∆H°) and standard entropy change (∆S°) for Br2(g) are 30.91…

Q: what are semi-conductors ? give examples.

A: Semiconductors are poorer electric conductors than metals but better conductors than non metals. Ex.…

Q: Below are 298K thermochemical data for gallium metal in the solid and liquid phases. Determine the…

A: From thermodynamics we can Write ΔG =  ΔH - TΔS At phase change of melting point  ΔG = 0 so, Tmp =…

Q: Calculate the electron heat capacity at 1000 K in Na, Al and Cu metals using the following data: Na…

A: Electron heat capacity at 1000 K in Na = C=π 2 /2 ×n Kb (T/Tf )  According to data:…

Q: The dielectric constants of noble gases increase slightly from top to the bottom in the periodic…

A: As we move top to bottom of the group  of nobel gases , size of the nobel gases increases. Thus down…

Q: What temperature will be needed to heat treat copper such that the concentration of vacancies per…

A:

Q: The U.S. Department of Energy has set the benchmark of 6% H by weight for an acceptable hydrogen…

A: given materials : NaAlH4, LiAlH4, LaNi5H6,  TiFeH2

Q: Why do the alkaline earths have low resistivities?

A: Resistivity is the property of a substance that determines how a substance can efficiently resist or…

Q: At room temperature, monoclinic sulfur has the unit-cell dimensions a = 11.04 Å, b = 10.98 Å, c =…

A: Given data: The unit cell is the monoclinic. Dimensions, a = 11.04 Ao, b = 10.92 Ao, c = 10.92 Ao  β…

Crystal Lattices and Unit Cell

Consider a crystal. The regular and repeating pattern of constituent particles is the most distinguishing feature of crystalline solids. A crystal lattice is formed when these particles are replaced with representative points. The three-dimensional arrangement of constituent particles is known as a crystal lattice. Unit cell is that the smallest portion of a space lattice which when repeated in several directions, generate the whole lattice. Unit cell is a building block of a lattice. It is the smallest unit of cell.