eukaryotic cells, which of the following is typical of how transcription is regulated? Group of answer choices Activators and enhancers at sites distant from structural genes interact to increase or decrease transcription Regulatory genes are always tightly coupled in physical proximity to the structural genes they regulate There are only a few transcription factors that are functional in eukarya Attenuation, where translation and transcription are tightly coupled, is common.

eukaryotic cells, which of the following is typical of how transcription is regulated? Group of answer choices Activators and enhancers at sites distant from structural genes interact to increase or decrease transcription Regulatory genes are always tightly coupled in physical proximity to the structural genes they regulate There are only a few transcription factors that are functional in eukarya Attenuation, where translation and transcription are tightly coupled, is common.

Name: In eukaryotic cells, which of the following is typical of how transcri
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Description: In eukaryotic cells, which of the following is typical of how transcription is regulated?Group of answer choicesActivators and enhancers at sites distant from structural genes interact to increase or decrease transcriptionRegulatory genes are always

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter14: Gene Regulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8TYU: Through alternative splicing, eukaryotes (a) reinforce gene inactivation (b) prevent transcription...

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Through alternative splicing, eukaryotes (a) reinforce gene inactivation (b) prevent transcription of heterochromatin (c) produce related but different proteins in different tissues (d) amplify genes to meet the requirement of high levels of a gene product (e) bind transcription factors to enhancers to activate transcription
Most eukaryotic promoters have binding sites for several different transcription factors, and the frequency with which transcription is initiated at a promoter depends on the specific combination of transcriptional regulators bound to their binding sites in that promoter. Transcription of the slither gene in garter snakes is regulated by the transcriptional activators Python and Boa and the transcriptional repressor Sidewinder. Each of these proteins has one binding site in the slither promoter; the affinity of Boa for its binding site is 30 times higher than the affinity of Python for its binding site and 6 times higher than the affinity of Sidewinder for its binding site. Under conditions where Sidewinder is 10 times more abundant than Python, and Python is 3 times as abundant as Boa, would you expect transcription of the slither gene to be activated or repressed? Show or briefly explain how/why you predicted the outcome you chose.
4.1 Name and discuss two transcription regulatory elements that can be found in the figure. (6)4.2. During the activation of eukaryotic transcription the promoter region needs to be accessible for the binding of transcription factors. Describe in detail one of the mechanisms involved in this process.
Mutations in bacterial promoters may increase or decrease the rate of gene transcription. Promoter mutations that increase the transcription rate are termed up-promoter mutations, and those that decrease the transcription rate are termed down-promoter mutations. If the promoter for the lac operon is TATGTT, would the following be uppromoters or downpromoters?A. TATGTT to TATATTB. TATGTT to TTTGTTC. TATGTT to TATGAT
Many genes in both bacteria and eukaryotes contain numerous sequences that can cause pauses in or premature termination of transcription. Nevertheless, the transcription of these genes within a cell normally produces multiple RNA molecules thousands of nucleotides long without pausing or premature termination. However, when a single round of transcription of these genes takes place in a test tube, RNA synthesis is frequently interrupted by pauses and premature terminations, which reduce the rate at which transcription takes place and frequently shorten the lengths of the mRNA molecules produced. Most pauses and premature terminations occur when RNA polymerase temporarily backtracks (i.e., backs up) for one or two nucleotides along the DNA. Experimental findings have demonstrated that most pauses and premature terminations disappear if several RNA polymerases are simultaneously transcribing the DNA molecule. Propose an explanation for this observation of faster transcription and longer…
Transcriptional regulation often involves a regulatory protein that binds to a segment of DNA and a small effector molecule that binds to the regulatory protein. Do each of the following terms apply to a regulatory protein, a segment of DNA, or a small effector molecule? A. Repressor B. Inducer C. Operator site D. Corepressor E. Activator F. Attenuator G. Inhibitor
Regarding the process of gene transcription in eukaryotes, it is correct to state that A)The transcription process is terminated when the RNA polymerase complex reaches the final region of the gene with the poly-adenylation signal. B)The RNA polymerase II transcription elongation complex contains transcription factors such as the TATA box binding protein C)The opening of the region of DNA that will be transcribed is done by the DNA helicase, present in the transcription complex. D)The main function of the Mediator coactivator is to promote the transition between elongation and completion of the transcription process. E)Different activators and repressors can influence the transcriptional elongation complex by binding to the promoter regions of genes
Let’s suppose a mutation in the glucocorticoid receptor does not prevent the binding of the glucocorticoid hormone to the protein but prevents the ability of the receptor to activate transcription. Make a list of all the possible defects that may explain why transcription cannot be activated.
The yeast gene SER3, whose product has a role in serine biosynthesis, is repressed during growth in nutrient-rich medium, so little transcription takes place, and little SER3 enzyme is produced, under these conditions. In an investigation of the repression of the SER3 gene, a region of DNA upstream of SER3 was found to be heavily transcribed when SER3 is repressed ). Within this upstream region is a promoter that stimulates the transcription of an RNA molecule called SRG1 RNA (for SER3 regulatory gene 1). This RNA molecule has none of the sequences necessary for translation. Mutations in the promoter for SRG1 result in the disappearance of SRG1 RNA, and these mutations remove the repression of SER3. When RNA polymerase binds to the SRG1 promoter, the polymerase travels downstream, transcribing the SGR1 RNA, and passes through and transcribes the promoter for SER3. This activity leads to the repression of SER3. Propose a possible explanation for how the transcription of SGR1 might…
Name the lambda promoters whose expression is regulated by the cro protein. For each promoter you named, is cro an activator or a repressor of transcription from that promoter?
Regarding eukaryotic genes, it is correct to state that: * A) Distal enhancer-like elements decrease the intensity of gene transcription activation B)Mutations in intronic regions of a gene can alter the levels of its corresponding protein C)They are regulated only by promoter regions, being activated or repressed by the presence of transcription factors D)The junctions of exons and introns are recognized by splicing factors, which ensure the production of the same mRNA regardless of cell type. E) Activator and repressor proteins bind to the coding region of genes, regulating the intensity of their transcription
Mutations in bacterial promoters may increase or decrease the rate of gene transcription. Promoter mutations that increase the transcription rate are termed up-promoter mutations, and those that decrease the transcription rate are termed down-promoter mutations. As shown , the sequence of the −10 site of the promoter for the lac operon is TATGTT. Would you expect the following mutations to be up-promoter or down-promoter mutations? A. TATGTT to TATATT B. TATGTT to TTTGTT C. TATGTT to TATGAT