Every cell in the body has organelles called mitochondria that can generate a voltage difference between their interior and exterior. If the capacitance of a mitochondrion is 2.9×10^−11F and the potential difference between the interior and exterior is 0.20 V, how much electrical energy does it store? Express your answer to two significant figures and include appropriate units.   If a mitochondrion were to use all of its stored electrical energy to produce ATP molecules, and each ATP molecule requires 9.5×10−20J, how many molecules could it produce? (In reality, ATP molecules are produced by the flow of protons caused by the proton motive force, and not by the direct conversion of electrical energy stored by the capacitance of mitochondria.)

How much energy is required to pump a mole of protons in a mitochondria with the following conditions? pH of matrix = 8.2, pH of intermembrane space 7.4, membrane potential of - 65 mV (N-side relative to P-side), temperature = 37C. Express answer to the nearest 0.1 kJ/mole.

Suppose a cell has a 0.9% NaCl concentration inside, and is surrounded by a 10% NaCl solution outside. In this case we would say the cell is       ["", "", ""]  , and the surroundings are       ["", "", ""]  .

Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion

You are studying actin polymerization in the lab. You have Tube 1 with cell extract and ATP, and Tube 2 with cell extract and non- hydrolyzable ATP. Assuming both ATP and non-hydrolyzable ATP bind actin monomers with similar affinities, which of the following would observe in the two tubes? Select all that apply The average length of an actin filament in Tube 1 is longer than the average length of an actin filament in Tube 2 The average length of an actin filament in Tube 2 is longer than the average length of an actin filament in Tube 1 Polymerization of actin filaments is inhibited in presence of non-hydrolyzable АТР Depolymerization of actin filaments is inhibited in presence of non-hydrolyzable АТР

Suppose the concentration of glucose inside a cell is 0.4 mM and the cell is suspended in a glucose solution of 0.03 mM. Part A What would be the free energy change, in kJ/mol, for the transport of glucose from the medium into the cell? Assume T= 37°C. Express your answer with the appropriate units. HÅ AG = Value Units wwwww ? Submit Previous Answers Request Answer × Incorrect; Try Again; 3 attempts remaining Part B What would be the free energy change, in kJ/mol, for the transport of glucose from the medium into the cell if the intracellular and extracellular concentrations were 4 mM and 16 mM, respectively? Express your answer with the appropriate units. AG = ☐ HÅ Value Units ?

The transport of glucose into most cells occurs by facilitated diffusion. Because diffusion occurs from a higher to a lower concentration, glucose cannot accumulate within these cells at a higher concentration than exists outside the cell. Once glucose enters a cell, it is rapidly converted to other molecules, such as glucose phosphate or glycogen. What effect does this conversion have on the cell' ability to transport glucose?

What is the sole source of energy used by the body for muscle contraction? Where does the chemical importance lie in this molecule?  Explain your answer by reviewing the process of ATP hydrolysis.

What type of energy helps drive the passive processes of diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion? (Pick ALL correct statements involved with this.) In other words what are all the TRUE statements regarding these processes? Select one or more: a.random motion which increases when temperature increases b.ATP energy c.random motion which increases when molecules have large molecular weight d.random motion which increases when molecules concentration decreases e.random motion which increases when molecules concentration increases f.random motion which decreases when temperature decreases g.random motion which increases when molecules have low molecular weight

The hydrolysis of the phosphoester bond of ATP releases a large amount of free energy. True or false?