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The ATP content of an average muscle fibre at rest is very low. Under short, high energy demand exercise (e.g. a 100 m sprint), the initially very low ATP levels in the muscle fibres are buffered by phosphocreatine (PCr, Figure 1). ATP ADP Н CHз Н CHз .N. N. 'N' 'N' .N. creatine kinase H' Н H. creatine phosphocreatine Fig.1 We can measure levels of phosphocreatine and ATP in a working tissue using 31P NMR spectroscopy, through the height of the corresponding NMR peak. Figure 2 shows the NMR-spectroscopy results of muscle intracellular fluid from a subject who had done 2 minutes of vigorous exercise. A: before exercise, B: first minute of exercise, C: last minute of exercise, D: after exercise; I, II and III are peaks that represent the three phosphate groups in ATP molecules, IV: PCr, V: Pi, VI: phospho-monoesters. IV III II II III' II o $ -10 -15 -20 ppm Fig.2 Immediately when the actin-myosin interaction starts producing ADP, the activity of the enzyme adeny- late kinase, which catalyses the near-equilibrium reaction 2 ADP + ATP + AMP becomes significant. Besides the generation of the negligible amount of available ATP, the reaction is essential because both ADP and AMP can allosterically upregulate glycolytic enzymes - and therefore prepare the muscle for longer exercise. I.

The ATP content of an average muscle fibre at rest is very low. Under short, high energy demand exercise (e.g. a 100 m sprint), the initially very low ATP levels in the muscle fibres are buffered by phosphocreatine (PCr, Figure 1). ATP ADP Н CHз Н CHз .N. N. 'N' 'N' .N. creatine kinase H' Н H. creatine phosphocreatine Fig.1 We can measure levels of phosphocreatine and ATP in a working tissue using 31P NMR spectroscopy, through the height of the corresponding NMR peak. Figure 2 shows the NMR-spectroscopy results of muscle intracellular fluid from a subject who had done 2 minutes of vigorous exercise. A: before exercise, B: first minute of exercise, C: last minute of exercise, D: after exercise; I, II and III are peaks that represent the three phosphate groups in ATP molecules, IV: PCr, V: Pi, VI: phospho-monoesters. IV III II II III' II o $ -10 -15 -20 ppm Fig.2 Immediately when the actin-myosin interaction starts producing ADP, the activity of the enzyme adeny- late kinase, which catalyses the near-equilibrium reaction 2 ADP + ATP + AMP becomes significant. Besides the generation of the negligible amount of available ATP, the reaction is essential because both ADP and AMP can allosterically upregulate glycolytic enzymes - and therefore prepare the muscle for longer exercise. I.

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood
Chapter8: Muscle Physiology
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 12RE
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(cell biology/human physiology)

1) Is it true that AMP and ADP levels are similarlyly indicators of energy status (as shown by ATP concentration)

2) Explain the change of peaks from I to V in the sequence of events from A to D?

 

The ATP content of an average muscle fibre at rest is very low. Under short, high energy demand exercise (e.g. a 100 m sprint), the initially very low ATP levels in the muscle fibres are buffered by phosphocreatine (PCr, Figure 1). ATP ADP Н CHз Н CHз .N. N. 'N' 'N' .N. creatine kinase H' Н H. creatine phosphocreatine Fig.1 We can measure levels of phosphocreatine and ATP in a working tissue using 31P NMR spectroscopy, through the height of the corresponding NMR peak. Figure 2 shows the NMR-spectroscopy results of muscle intracellular fluid from a subject who had done 2 minutes of vigorous exercise. A: before exercise, B: first minute of exercise, C: last minute of exercise, D: after exercise; I, II and III are peaks that represent the three phosphate groups in ATP molecules, IV: PCr, V: Pi, VI: phospho-monoesters. IV III II II III' II o $ -10 -15 -20 ppm Fig.2 Immediately when the actin-myosin interaction starts producing ADP, the activity of the enzyme adeny- late kinase, which catalyses the near-equilibrium reaction 2 ADP + ATP + AMP becomes significant. Besides the generation of the negligible amount of available ATP, the reaction is essential because both ADP and AMP can allosterically upregulate glycolytic enzymes - and therefore prepare the muscle for longer exercise. I.
Transcribed Image Text:The ATP content of an average muscle fibre at rest is very low. Under short, high energy demand exercise (e.g. a 100 m sprint), the initially very low ATP levels in the muscle fibres are buffered by phosphocreatine (PCr, Figure 1). ATP ADP Н CHз Н CHз .N. N. 'N' 'N' .N. creatine kinase H' Н H. creatine phosphocreatine Fig.1 We can measure levels of phosphocreatine and ATP in a working tissue using 31P NMR spectroscopy, through the height of the corresponding NMR peak. Figure 2 shows the NMR-spectroscopy results of muscle intracellular fluid from a subject who had done 2 minutes of vigorous exercise. A: before exercise, B: first minute of exercise, C: last minute of exercise, D: after exercise; I, II and III are peaks that represent the three phosphate groups in ATP molecules, IV: PCr, V: Pi, VI: phospho-monoesters. IV III II II III' II o $ -10 -15 -20 ppm Fig.2 Immediately when the actin-myosin interaction starts producing ADP, the activity of the enzyme adeny- late kinase, which catalyses the near-equilibrium reaction 2 ADP + ATP + AMP becomes significant. Besides the generation of the negligible amount of available ATP, the reaction is essential because both ADP and AMP can allosterically upregulate glycolytic enzymes - and therefore prepare the muscle for longer exercise. I.
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