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- A plant located at an altitude of 925 m has an open feedwater heater located 2.76 m above the pump intake. The water in the heater has a temperature of 65ºC. If the head loss in the suction line is 0.8 m. Determine: a. Atmospheric pressure head, in meter b. Vapor/saturation pressure head, in meter c. The Net Positive Suction Head.(a) Compare flat plate, parabolic collectors to be used for a solar thermal plant with respect to (i) temperature, (ii) concentration ratio, (iii) suitability, and (iv) absorber type. (b) A tidal power plant of single basin type, has a basin area of 25 x 10 to power 6 m2. The tide has a range of 10m. The turbine however, stops operating when the head on it falls below 2 m. Calculate the energy generated in one filling process, in KWh if the turbine generator efficiency is 75%. (Density of sea water = 1025 kg/m2)An ice plant produces 10 tons of ice per day at 0°C using water at room temperature of 33°C. Estimate the power rating (Electrical Power consumed by the motor to run compressor) of the compressor-motor, if the C.O.P. of the plant is 3.0 and overall electro-mechanical efficiency (η) is 91%. Note: Latent heat of ice is 335 kJ/kg, Cp = 4.18 kJ/kg.K.
- A vapor compression refrigeration system is designed to have a capacity of 150 tons of refrigeration. It produces chilled water from 22°C to 2°C. Its actual coefficient of performance is 5.86 and 35% of the power supplied to the compressor is lost in the form of friction and cylinder cooling losses. Determine the condenser cooling water required for a temperature rise of 10°C.A radiator heat exchanger is to be designed for the following specifications. Hot gas at 1145°C, Cold gas temperature 45°C, Unit surface conductance on the hot side, 230 W/m2-K, Unit surface conductance on the cold side 290 W/m2-K, Thermal conductivity of the metal wall 1115 W/m-K. Find the maximum thickness (in mm) of the metal wall between the hot gas and the cold gas so that the maximum temperature of the wall does not exceed 545°C.A six-cylinder refrigerant 22 compressor operating at 29 r/s indicate a refrigerating capacity of 96.4 kW and a power requirement of 28.9 kW at an evaporating temperature of 5°C and condensing temperature of 50°C. The performance data are based on 3°C liquid sub-cooling and 8°C superheating of the suction gas entering the compressor. The cylinder bore is 67 mm and the piston stroke is 57 mm. Compute (a) the clearance volumetric efficiency if the clearance volume is 4.8 percent, (b) the actual volumetric efficiency, and (c) the compression efficiency.
- A 75-kW refrigeration load is to be carried by an air refrigerating system with a discharge pressure of 1,370 kPa and a refrigerator pressure of 345 kPa. Compression and expansion processes are polytropic with n = 1.37. The pressure at the start of expansion is 1344 kPa and the temperature is 32OC. Air temperature leaving the refrigerator is 0OC and entering the compressor is 5OC. Clearance for both compressor and expander is 5%. Draw the (a) Schematic diagram, (b) the P-V diagram and (c) the T-S diagram. Determine (d) the piston displacement of the compressor, (e) the piston displacement of the expander, (f) the net work and (g) the COPIn a cyclic comprising of air compressor and expansion, workdone by a prism during the compression stroke is 9.2KJ and the heat rejected to the surrounding is 50KJ. During the expansion stroke workdone by air on the prism is 8.4KJ. a) Determine the quality of heat transferred to or from the system. Tullow oil has discovered a large volume of crude deposit at Cape-3-Point along the western coast of Ghana after years of intensive exploration. In the Company’s bid to start exploration, Green Ghana an environmental protection NGO took Tullow to court to prevent the Company from embarking on the said project citing numerous environmental concerns. b) As an energy and sustainability expert, what do you think are the side effects of the project and their remedies? A cooling water pump is operating at a speed of 1800rpm. Its flow rate is 1800L/minutes at a head of 14.4m and the power of the pump is 45kw. c) Determine the power required if the pump speed is increased…Steam enters the condenser of a steam power plant at a flow rate of 18000 kg/h, a degree of dryness of 0.86 and a pressure of 15 kPa, leaving the condenser as a saturated liquid at the same pressure.A nearby river water is used for the cooling of the condenser.Calculate the water flow rate of the cooler if the water of the river can be heated up to 10°C in order to avoid thermal pollution. (Cp,su=4,18 kj/kgK) (Note: the potential energy change is negligible.)
- The clean U for an exchanger is 770 BTU/(hr 0 F ft2). Its tube area is 550 ft2. After operating for several months, it is heating water from 40 0F to 150 0F at a flow rate of 200 GPM with a heating fluid on the shell entering at 300 0F and exiting at 170 0 F. Has the overall U decreased significantly? how many 1.0 inch diameter, 20 ft long tubes would it take to equal the 550 ft2 area?3. The evaporator load of a Freon 12 waste water system running at 5°C suction temperature and 40°C condensing temperature is 5 tons. How many gpm must be pumped through a condenser if the condenser is set for a 7°C water temperature rise?A single cylinder, single acting reciprocating compressor using R-12 as refrigerant has a bore of 80 mm and a stroke of 60 mm. The compressor runs at 1450 rpm. Assuming no clearance and if the suction temperature is 10⁰C and condensing temperature is 50⁰C, (a) determine: (i) the refrigeration capacity (ii) the power per kW of refrigeration (iii) the total power required to drive the compressor (b) If the clearance factor of 5% is to be considered, determine: (i) mass of refrigerant circulated in kg/s (ii) refrigerating capacity (iii) the power per kW of refrigeration (iv) the total power required to drive the compressor