Exhibit: IS*-LM* and AD Exchange rate, e LM LM LM IS IS IS* ہے Income, Output, Y A small open economy with a floating exchange rate is initially in equilibrium at A with IS1*, LM1*. Holding all else constant, if the domestic price level increases, then the curve will shift to O A. IS1; IS3* O B. LM1 LM2* O C. IS1*; IS2 O D. LM1*; LM3*
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- b) What happens to the U. S. real exchange rate (RER) and its net exports (NX) under the following situations? i) The U.S. NER is unchanged, the U.S. price rises, foreign price stays the same. ii) The U.S. NER is unchanged, the U.S. price unchanged, foreign price rises. iii) The U.S. NER rises, the U.S. price remains same, foreign price stays the same. iv) The U.S. NER is unchanged, the U.S. price falls, foreign price falls. v) The U.S. NER falls, the U.S. price rises, foreign price stays the same(b) Suppose the real exchange rate is 10, the domestic price level is 8, and the foreign price level is 4. (i) What is the nominal exchange rate? Use the expression: ereal= enor*P / Pfor where ereal is real exchange rate, enor is nominal exchange rate, P is domestic price level and Pfor is foreign price level. (ii) Suppose the real exchange rate rises by 10%, the inflation rate in the domestic country is 6%, and the inflation rate in the foreign country is 4%. By what percentage does the nominal exchange rate change?Suppose policy makers want to increase output (Y) and increase net exports (NX). Which of the following policies would most likely achieve this?an increase in government spendinga real depreciationan increase in government spending and an increase in the real exchange ratean increase in the real exchange rate
- Question:The electricity prices and the natural gasprices have increased drastically, 15 percentand 12 percent respectively. The direct effectof these increases on the inflation rate is 0.6percent, and the indirect effect is more than 1percent. Taking into consideration that theproducer price index is over 38 percent.1.Please discuss in detail the effects of theseincreases on the consumer price index,exchange rate and the current account deficit 2. What are the policies that should beimplemented to counterbalance the effects ofthese price increases on the economy?(a) An analyst argues that exchange rate movements depend on interest rate differentials (that is, the International Fisher effect), country-specific economic policy uncertainty measures and country-specific GDP growth rates. With this in mind, the analyst estimates the following model: Expected rate of appreciation of yen against the dollar(%)= =0.5[idollar(%) – iyen(%)]+0.5[idollar(%) – iyen(%)]2+0.2[σUS(%) – σJAP(%)]+ +0.2[σUS(%) – σJAP(%)]2+0.1[GDPJAP(%) – GDPUS(%)]. In this model, idollar(%) is the one-year interest rate in the US, iyen(%) is the one-year interest rate in Japan, σUS(%) refers to economic policy uncertainty in the US, σJAP(%) refers to economic policy uncertainty in Japan, GDPUS(%) refers to annual GDP growth in the US and GDPJAP(%) refers to annual GDP growth in Japan. Assume idollar=6%, iyen=4%, σUS=5%,σJAP=1%, GDPUS=2% and GDPJAP=1%. Calculate the expected rate of appreciation of the yen against the dollar. Explain your findings in no more than 200 words.…(a) An analyst argues that exchange rate movements depend on interest rate differentials (that is, the International Fisher effect), country-specific economic policy uncertainty measures and country-specific GDP growth rates. With this in mind, the analyst estimates the following model:Expected rate of appreciation of yen against the dollar(%)= =0.5[idollar(%) – iyen(%)]+0.5[idollar(%) – iyen(%)]2+0.2[σUS(%) – σJAP(%)]++0.2[σUS(%) – σJAP(%)]2+0.1[GDPJAP(%) – GDPUS(%)].In this model, idollar(%) is the one-year interest rate in the US, iyen(%) is the one-year interest rate in Japan, σUS(%) refers to economic policy uncertainty in the US, σJAP(%) refers to economic policy uncertainty in Japan, GDPUS(%) refers toannual GDP growth in the US and GDPJAP(%) refers to annual GDP growth in Japan. Assume idollar=6%, iyen=4%, σUS=5%, σJAP=1%, GDPUS=2% and GDPJAP=1%. Calculate the expected rate of appreciation of the yen against the dollar. Explain your findings in no more than 200 words .(b) An…
- Suppose the real exchange rate is 10, the domestic price level is 8, and the foreign price level is 4. (i) What is the nominal exchange rate?Use the expression: ,where ereal is real exchange rate, enor is nominalexchange rate, P is domestic price level and Pfor, is foreign price level (ii) Suppose the real exchange rate rises by 10%, the inflation rate in the domestic country is 6%, and the inflation rate in the foreign country is 4%. By what percentage does the nominal exchange rate change?Consider the following open economy model:C = CO + cYDYD= YI= I0. brNX = No - n¡Y + n2Yf + n3RM/P-Mo+mOY-mp.where AD = C + I + Go + NXDerive the multipliers for the closed and open economy and make relevant comparison betweenthem.What is the impact of Mo and Go on the equilibrium value of R. That is, discuss the role ofmonetary policy and fiscal policy on the real exchange rate.Suppose that country A is a small open economy. Discuss the following effects by the help ofrelevant figures. Discuss by your own words explicitly and briefly.(a) Contractionary Monetary Policy under fixed exchange rate regime and perfect capitalmobility.(b)Contractionary Fiscal Policy under flexible exchange rate regime and without capitalmobility.(c)Expansionary Monetary Policy under fixed exchange rate regime and imperfect capitalmobility if interest rates are more sensitive to the capital flows.(d)Expansionary Fiscal Policyunder flexible exchange rate regime and perfect capital mobility.Suppose the real exchange rate is 10, the domestic price level is 8, and the foreign price level is 4. (i) What is the nominal exchange rate?e - enor-P Use the expression: rea! - PrOT ,where ereal is real exchange rate, enor is nominal exchange rate, P is domestic price level and Pro, is foreign price level (ii) Suppose the real exchange rate rises by 10%, the inflation rate in the domestic country is 6%, and the inflation rate in the foreign country is 4%. By what percentage does the nominal exchange rate change?
- The demand for Australian dollars in the foreign exchange market equals 14000 – 3000e and thesupply of Australian dollars in the foreign exchange market equals 2000 + 2000e, where e is thenominal exchange rate expressed in euros per Australian dollar. If the Australian dollar is fixed at 2euros per Australian dollar, then to maintain this fixed rate, what is the required change in theReserve Bank of Australia’s holdings of euros? 1increase by 4000 euros 2decrease by 2000 euros 3decrease by 4000 euros 4increase by 2000 eurosPurchasing-power parity holds between the nationsof Ectenia and Wiknam, where the only commodityis Spam.a. In 2020, a can of Spam costs 4 dollars in Ecteniaand 24 pesos in Wiknam. What is the exchange ratebetween Ectenian dollars and Wiknamian pesos?b. Over the next 20 years, inflation is expected to be3.5 percent per year in Ectenia and 7 percent peryear in Wiknam. If this inflation comes to pass,what will the price of Spam and the exchangerate be in 2040? (Hint: Recall the rule of 70 fromChapter 27.)c. Which of these two nations will likely have ahigher nominal interest rate? Why?d. A friend of yours suggests a get-rich-quickscheme: Borrow from the nation with the lowernominal interest rate, invest in the nation with thehigher nominal interest rate, and profit from theinterest-rate differential. Do you see any potentialproblems with this idea? Explain.C= C0 + cYD YD = Y I = I0 - br NX = N0 - n1Y + n2Yf + n3R M/P = M0 + m0Y - m1.r where AD = C + I + G0 + NX. What is the impact of M0 and G0 on the equilibrium value of R. That is, discuss the role ofmonetary policy and fiscal policy on the real exchange rate.