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- What is the biochemical rationale for the use of low dose aspirin in patients withcoronary artery disease? Why is Ibuprofen not a good substitute for aspirin in thiscase?The solubility of inhaled anesthetics in what substance correlates to their potency?Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, such as edrophonium, are used to treat Alzheimer’s disease. The substrate for acetylcholinesterase is acetylcholine. Structures are attached. What kind of inhibitor is edrophonium? Explain. Can inhibition by edrophonium be overcome in vitro by increasing the substrate concentration? Explain. Does this inhibitor bind reversibly or irreversibly to the enzyme? Explain.
- The respiratory symptoms of asthma result from constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles of the lungs, caused by contraction of the smooth muscle of their walls. This constriction can be reversed by raising [cAMP] in the smooth muscle. Explain the therapeutic effects of albuterol, a β-adrenergic agonisttaken (by inhalation) for asthma. Would you expect this drug to have any side effects? If so, how might one design a better drug that does not have these effects?To maximize the activity of an α4β2 nicotinic Achtylchcholine Receptor (nAChR), how many agonist binding sitea should be occupied?The NMDA receptor I/V curve is nonlinear, why? What about the GluA2-containing AMPA receptor I/V curve? Draw both under normal physiological conditions. In addition, explain what happens for the NMDA receptor I/V curve when you lower the magnesium concentration.
- Cone snails are carnivores that inject a powerful set of toxins into their prey, leading to rapid paralysis. Many of these toxins are found to bind to specific ion-channel proteins. Why are such molecules so toxic? How might such toxins be useful for biochemical studies?If instead of using 3.5 µM myoglobin (receptor) you used half of this (that is, 1.75 µM myoglobin), what would be that value of the Kd, that you calculated ( how would it change)? Please explain so I can solve on my own :) (How does changing concentration of the receptor in a ligand-receptor binding experiment affect the dissociation constant?)Intestinal bacteria convert choline to trimethylamine, and the liver converts this gas to trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). TMAO promotes atherosclerosis, possibly by stimulating macrophages to take up LDL. (a) Could this chemistry explain why eating large amounts of eggs (which are rich in phosphatidylcholine) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? (b) Some research suggests that ingesting supplemental phosphatidylcholine can slow the aging process. Is this consistent with your answer to Part (a)?
