Please answer the 6 bullet points. It's all in one question In the oxygen sensor, ¼ of the Zr's have been replaced with Ca. (This is called"doping".)What is the usual charge on Ca (assuming a full valence shell)?Calculate the total positive charge from atoms fully in the unit cell.(4 of Zr atoms in unit cellx charge on Zr + charge on Ca =To balance the unit cell, you must have (-on atoms in the unit cell.What has to happen to the number of oxygen ions to accommodate thereplacement of Zr by Ca? In other words, how many oxide ions will be in the'doped' cell?A loss of an oxide atom results in a 'vacancy'. The presence of these vacancies isrequired for conductivity in the solid state.How many vacancies will be in the doped cell?Explain how these vacancies allow oxide ions to move through the material.

The oxide ions move through the material is as follows.

Answered: Explain how these vacancies allow oxide…

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Explain how these vacancies allow oxide ions to move through the material.

Principles of Instrumental Analysis

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305577213

Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch

Publisher:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch

Chapter31: Thermal Methods

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 31.5QAP

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Question

Please answer the 6 bullet points. It's all in one question

In the oxygen sensor, ¼ of the Zr's have been replaced with Ca. (This is called
"doping".)
What is the usual charge on Ca (assuming a full valence shell)?
Calculate the total positive charge from atoms fully in the unit cell.
(4 of Zr atoms in unit cell
x charge on Zr + charge on Ca =
To balance the unit cell, you must have (-
on atoms in the unit cell.
What has to happen to the number of oxygen ions to accommodate the
replacement of Zr by Ca? In other words, how many oxide ions will be in the
'doped' cell?
A loss of an oxide atom results in a 'vacancy'. The presence of these vacancies is
required for conductivity in the solid state.
How many vacancies will be in the doped cell?
Explain how these vacancies allow oxide ions to move through the material.

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