Explain how various factors affect the rate of glomerularfiltration and identify ways this rate is regulated.

Q: Outline the routes and mechanisms of tubular reabsorption and secretion.

A: The removal of the solutes and water from the tubular fluid and transported into the blood is…

Q: Explain how dialysis, osmosis, passive transport, and active transport play key roles in the…

A: Urine may be a waste byproduct produced from excess water and metabolic waste molecules within the…

Q: Describe the countercurrent multiplier mechanism in terms of the permeabilities of the different…

A: The countercurrent multiplier system is the process in which water is reabsorbed from the fluid in…

Q: Identify the changes in the osmotic concentration of theglomerular filtrate as it passes through the…

A: As filtrate goes through the nephron, its osmolarity (ion concentration) changes as particles and…

Q: What are the two intrinsic mechanisms that provide auto regulation of glomerular filtrate? Explain…

A: Intrinsic control is the autoregulation of the GFR (glomerular filtration rate). Urine is formed at…

Q: List the factors that obstruct Urinary flow?

A: The process by which the metabolic waste products are totally or partially eliminated from the body…

Q: Describe the three processes required for the excretion ofa hypertonic urine.

A: The liquid by product of  metabolism in humans and other animals is urine. Urine usually flows from…

Q: Explain the significance of pressures involved in filtration and reabsorption processes in the…

A: The kidneys filter far more fluid than is actually expelled in the urine (about 1.5 litres per day).…

Q: Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).

A: The kidney is the bean shaped organ of about four to five inches present on the either side of the…

Q: Explain how nephrosclerosis affects: (a) the kidney, and(b) systemic blood pressure.

A: Nephrosclerosis is a condition that results from hypertension, where the arteries that transport…

Q: Explain how plasma clearance is used to calculate renalplasma flow

A: Plasma clearance is seen in terms of Para-aminohippurate clearance. It is measured in either L/hr or…

Q: What mechanisms link low systemic blood pressure in this patient to the low urine output?

A: Filteration of blood for waste takes place in the kidney' functional unit called the nephron.…

Q: 8a. List three ways glomerular blood flow is regulated.

A: Glomerular filtration happens as a result of a pressure gradient in the glomerulus.

Q: Which characteristic of inflammation results in the abnormal findings seen in glomerulonephritis?

A: Introduction: The immune system's natural response to damage and illness is inflammation.…

Q: Explain net glomerular filtration pressure?

A: The process of urine formation takes place in the kidney. The urine formation takes place by the…

Q: Explain why the total renal blood flow can be measured by the renal plasma clearance of PAH.

A: Total renal blood flow can be defined as the total amount of blood received by kidneys per unit of…

Q: If blood pressure in the afferent arteriole leading to a glomerulus decreased, how would the rate of…

A: Answer- GFR or glomerular filteration rate is dependent upon many factors like blood pressure in…

Q: Describe the effect of ADH on renal collecting tubules

A: Renal collecting tubules comprises of different tubular parts of the nephrotic system or kidney that…

Q: Explain the Forces involved in glomerular filtration?

A: the factors which affect glomerular filtration: Both glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure and…

Q: Explain why urinary system diseases may cause problemswith the overall homeostasis of the body

A: In physiology, urinary system  is defined as the system which is comprises of urinary bladder,…

Q: A. Explain the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in intrinsic monitoring of the filtrate,…

A: The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is a structure located where the efferent arteriole meets the…

Q: Explain why the differential permeability of specific sections of the renal tubule is necessary to…

A: The Kidney is one of the major organs of excretion present in the body. The basic unit of the…

Q: List the Major form of renal Mechanism?

A: Excretion is the process through which the body’s metabolic wastes are removed. The vertebrates…

Q: Describe how the renal tubule and collecting ducts produce dilute and concentrated urine.

A: Ans: The renal tubule and collecting ducts are functional parts of the kidney which are involved in…

Q: Identify the principal factors that influence filtrationand explain how they affect the rate of…

A: Filtration is a physical process of separating liquids from solids with the help of a porous medium…

Q: Enumerate the effects of dialysis in patients with renal disorders.

A: The filtration of toxins, waste, and fluids from the body's blood through a semipermeable membrane…

Q: Explain how glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is maintained by renal autoregulation, decreased by…

A: Urine formation includes glomerular filteration, selective reabsorption and tubular secretion.…

Q: Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

A: Introduction In this question we will discuss about the Glomerular Filtration Rate

Q: Explain how the process of dialysis is applied to remove toxic waste from the blood of patients…

A: Dialysis is a treatment that filters and purifies the blood using a machine. This helps to keep…

Q: a) Which TWO substances are specifically diagnostic for a bladder bacterial infection? b) Urinary…

A: Urinary tract infections include infections of the urethra, urinary bladder, and kidneys. The…

Q: Compare acute and chronic renal failure with respect tocause, reversibility, and urinary output at…

A: The kidneys are a vital organ in the human body. There are two kidneys in every human that resemble…

Q: Explain the effect of renin on filtration.

A: The kidney is an important organ of the excretory system, and the nephron is the basic structural…

Q: Define artificial kidney.

A: Kidneys are responsible for the elimination of toxins and nitrogenous waste out of the body.…

Q: What is the relationship between plasma creatinine concentration and glomerular filtration rate?

A: The fundamental structural and operational unit of the kidney is the nephron. They are tiny…

Q: Outline the process of glomerular filtration.

A: The fundamental structural and operational unit of the kidney is the nephron. They are tiny…

Q: How is the presence of renal compensation verified?

A: Renal compensation The process through which kidney regulates plasma pH is called renal compensation…

Q: Why is there an increased risk of drug toxicity in the laterstages of renal failure?

A: Renal failure There are many etiological factors responsible for renal failure such as, systemic…

Q: Why would the differential renal vein renin test show an increase in the blocked renal artery side…

A: Renal vein renin test measures the ratio between the ischemic kidney and that of contralateral…

Q: Differentiate between renal cortex and renal medulla on the basis of parts of the nephrons present.

A: Renal cortex- superficial Outer cortical zone Inner juxtamedullary zone Renal columns---- Portions…

Q: Indicate the possible location of glomeruli and Bowman’s capsules and how this relates to their…

A: Kidneys are bean shaped paired organs of excretory system. Though it performs many functions; main…

Q: Define the term Tubular secretion?

A: The structure that really makes urine in the process of eliminating waste and excess substances from…

Q: Define glomerular filtration rate. What is its value in a healthy human?

A: The process of formation of urine is called uropoiesis. It takes place by following three steps: 1.…

Q: Explain the process of urinary filtration

A: Urinary filtration The first step in the production of urine is glomerular filtration. It's the…

Q: Explain how nephrosclerosis affects: (a) the kidney, and (b) systemic blood pressure.

A: Nephrosclerosis It is the process of the thickening of the walls of the blood vessels. The blood…

Q: Contrast the mechanism of reabsorption for glucose and urea. Which one shows a Tm, and why?

A: Renal filtration is a process in which water and solutes are removed from the blood plasma as it…

Q: Explain how common pathologies affect the composition of urine

A: urine consists of water, urea (from the metabolism of amino acids), inorganic salts, creatinine,…