Explain how viruses can be isolated using filtration State that viruses must be cultured in cells. Common choices: bacteria, mammalian cells, chicken eggs Explain how a plaque assay works Given PFU data, be able to calculate density of virus in a sample in PFU/mL Define clinical trial and state where you can find info about clinical trials Explain how viruses are used in gene therapy

Q: Consider the separate stages of an animal virus life cycle. Assemble a short list of structures and…

A: Viruses are minute particles that are made up of only their genetic material which may be DNA or RNA…

Q: test, four target gene are used: viral RdRp, viral S protein, viral N protein, and human RPP30. On a…

A: In the PCR test, the primer is used to determine the specific sequence present in the sample.

Q: he Escherichia coli cell infected by the phage codifies for the optimized ligand when the phage DNA…

A: A viral ligand is a receptor in which the viruses function as specific ligands and bind to the…

Q: CRISPR-Cas9

A: Both statements are true.

Q: Cystic fibrosis (CF) test to screen for mutations associated with the CFTR gene. Positive samples…

A: Cystic fibrosis is a condition that affects the glands that generate sweat, mucus, and intestinal…

Q: The best way to identify virus or viruses.      a. Cytopathic effects b. Serological tests c.…

A: Viruses are tinier than bacteria and cause a variety of diseases in humans, plants, and animals.…

Q: This is question is from my micro biology class. 1. OUTLINE the steps that lead to the production…

A: RNA viruses replicate in two pathway: 1) RNA-dependent RNA synthesis: RNA from an RNA template. 2)…

Q: Explain the steps of preparing a cell culture stock from a T25 flask.

A: Cell culture is the specialized process used in molecular biology to remove cells from plants and/or…

Q: A protein spike of a virus has been identified as an important characteristic of the virus. If the…

A: mRNA technology and polymerase chain reaction can be used to prepare a stable vaccine out of…

Q: Differential protein expression of a protein A in two protein samples is studied by gel…

A: Differential expression analysis is the process by which a quantitative changes is the expression of…

Q: Compare the methods and uses of cell culture, bird embryos, and live animals in growing viruses.

A: Introduction: Viruses are a unicellular entity that gets life when present inside the host cell.…

Q: A plaque assay is performed beginning with 1 mL of a solution containing bacteriophages. This…

A: They are  noncellular entities which have their RNA (ribonucleic acid) or DNA(deoxyribonucleic…

Q: You replicate the Hershey/Chase experiment and detect radioactive sulfur and radioactive phosphorus…

A: In the Hershey Chase experiment, it was concluded that phages incorporated their DNA inside the cell…

Q: DNA vaccines require the DNA to be transported into the nucleus where it becomes part of the genome.…

A: RNA vaccines are basically mRNA strands that code for certain specific proteins that once are…

Q: A) One assay format that might be appropriate for developing a point of care diagnostic kit to…

A: INTRODUCTION A) Diagnostic virology is rapidly getting into the mainstream of clinical medicine as a…

Q: What are the types of in vitro virus cultivation systems (Choose all that applies)  A. Animal cell…

A: In vitro culture refers to the process of cultivating cells that are derived from the organism in a…

Q: Someone testing for the presence of a virus like COVID often has very little genetic material to…

A: Generally virus has a  genetic materials of either DNA or RNA .

Q: After each trial, Hershey and Chase determined whether the radioisotope they used had been injected…

A: The aim of the Hershey-Chase Waring Blender experiment, was to find out if protein is the genetic…

Q: how a RT-PCR test could be set up for the detection of this virus

A: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a tool in molecular biology. This tool is used to amplify the…

Q: Transformation of mammalian cells with viruses and obtaining mammalian cells harboring the virus is…

A: Viral transformation refers to the alteration in the phenotype, growth, and indefinite reproduction…

Q: Virology :Explain how the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) affects the diversity and genome size…

A: Biotechnology is the use of our understanding of biological processes to develop useful applications…

Q: Should animals be utilized in viral pathogenesis research? Why or why not?  Need at least a full…

A:

Q: Explain the main defects of using animal models for viral growth and cultivation.

A: Viruses are highly infectious organisms that cannot be cultivated in non-living culture media. They…

Q: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Principle: The assay starts with a sample applied to the sample…

A: Immunodiagnostic tests help in the diagnosis of disease with accuracy. This is because antibodies…

Q: are small proteins produced by cells infected with a virus, and sometimes can be used in viral…

A: If a person is virally infected, the infected cells starts to produce small proteins known as…

Q: How is polymerase chain reaction used as a diagnostic test for COVID-19? PCR serves as a molecular…

A: Introduction:- The acronym PCR stands for polymerase chain reaction. It's a test that looks for…

Q: We are close to having 2 RNA vaccines for covid.  (8 pts) Use what we know about the chemical…

A: mRNA vaccine is the type of immunization technique which uses central dogma of molecular biology to…

Q: In Western Blotting a complex ________ mixture is separated by ________ then selectively identified…

A: The blot analysis techniques are powerful methods used for the detection of specific biomolecules in…

Q: As a scientist in Company X, please design an in vitro transcription system for RNA vaccine…

A: Ribonucleic acid is a single-stranded polymeric molecule that has a backbone made up of alternating…

Q: Animal cell cultures are grown in sterile chambers with special media that contain the correct…

A: The process of cell culture refers to the removal of cells from an animal or plant and growing them…

Q: The 1918 influenza strain killed millions of people world-wide. After recovering virus from…

A: The influenza virus, which infects the respiratory tract, causes influenza. The influenza virus is…

Q: Virology: Describe two differences for making genomic and messager RNAs between Polio Virus and…

A: There are few important points about virus are as follows: Viruses are simple , noncellular…

Q: You are attempting to produce a recombinant virus. Your virus vector has ampicillin resistance. Your…

A: Introduction :- Reporter Genes and Recombinant Viruses Recombinant viruses are created by…

Q: Using a viral capsid as a delivery mechanism of a compound is a part of which technology? protein…

A: Please follow step 2 for detailed explanation.

Q: Compare and contrast gel-electrophoresis for the separation of nucleic acids and SDS-PAGE for the…

A: In-gel electrophoresis, DNA, RNA, and proteins are separated based on the charge and mass. nucleic…

Q: write in details about Resistant strain emergence to DNA inhibitors

A: Microbes, or viruses, are very microscopic living beings. While the majority of microbes are…

Q: he lower limit of detection of an EBV assay is 25 copies/mL. All controls were as expected, and the…

A: EBV assay is a common tool to measure the presence of the virus in clinical samples. The lower limit…

Q: Write the advantages and disadvantages of applying such application in the DNA of an organism. 2.…

A: According to the question, we have to write down the advantages and disadvantages of applying such…

Q: transmission electron micrographs during viral infection cycles of both in vitro and in vivo…

A: Electron micrographs are obtained with the help of electron transmission microscope. It helps in the…

Q: Use at least 2 sources of information, which you can document using any traditional scheme of…

A: Hello. Since your question has multiple parts, we will solve first question for you. If you want…

Q: in why the discovery of retroviruses is important to the field of molec

A: There are a variety of vectors that are used in genetic engineering experiments. These vectors can…

Q: Questión 3. Biochemistry techniques have been used for the analysis on biomolecules such as enzymes,…

A: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a method of target antigen or antibody capture in…

Q: these cells are growing in and use it to infect new cells for plaque assays and obtain the following…

A: In the above graph as the concentration of antiviral agency is increased, the number of plaque…

Q: Briefly describe how the CRISPR/Cas9 system modifies genomic DNA and why this can help treat genetic…

A: A molecular process in which some discontinuous change to nucleotide sequences in their genomic DNA…

Q: Given that viruses must be cultivated to make vaccines against viral diseases, discuss the…

A: Viruses are generally non-cellular organisms that are composed of genetic material and protein. The…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a feature associated with filtration?   sterilization of…

A: Filtration is a process in which the smaller or liquidy substances can be removed from the larger…

Q: Reverse transcriptase is an error prone DNA polymerase.   Describe the role of reverse transcriptase…

A: Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that is involved in a process called Reverse Transcription. Here,…

Q: Viral gene delivery vectors are favored for therapeutic applications because of their efficiency and…

A: Viral gene delivery vectors or the viral vectors are the most preferred method of gene transduction…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.