Explain in detail of the stages of photosynthesis without explaining all the reactions of each pathways, but state the key steps of each pathway. Mention the location where each pathway happens in the plant and lastly make a table of the products formed at the end of the stage (ATPs, NADPHs, and water). Discuss about the oxidation-reduction of various molecules that are a part of these pathways.

Explain in detail of the stages of photosynthesis without explaining all the reactions of each pathways, but state the key steps of each pathway. Mention the location where each pathway happens in the plant and lastly make a table of the products formed at the end of the stage (ATPs, NADPHs, and water). Discuss about the oxidation-reduction of various molecules that are a part of these pathways.

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter20: The Protists

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4CT: Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson determined the steps in the light-independent reactions of...

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Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson determined the steps in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis by exposing the green alga Chlorella to CO2 labeled with the radioisotope carbon 14. By looking at which compounds the C14 ended up in, they were able to identify all intermediates in this cyclic pathway. Why did they predict correctly that the same set of intermediates would be formed in the light reaction in land plants?
Photosynthesis directly opposes respiration in determining how plants influence atmospheric CO2 concentrations. When a leaf is in the light, both photosynthesis and respiration are occurring simultaneously. The data in the Table were collected from the leaf of a sagebrush plant that was enclosed in a chamber that measures the rate of CO2 exchange. The same leaf was used to collect the data in Interpret the Data in Chapter 7. Respiration is shown as a negative and photosynthesis as a positive rate of CO2 exchange. The net photosynthesis rate is the amount of CO2 (in micromoles per square meter per second) assimilated by the leaf while respiration is occurring; a positive value indicates more photosynthesis is occurring than respiration. The light exposed to the leaf is quantified as the number of photons in the 400 to 700 nm wavelength, the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD); 2,000 mol/m2/s is equivalent to the amount of light occurring at midday in full Sun. Observation Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) (mol/m2/s) Net Photosynthesis (mol/m2/s) 1 2,000 9.1 2 1,500 8.4 3 1,250 8.2 4 1,000 7.4 5 750 6.3 6 500 4.8 7 250 2.2 8 0 -2.0 Why is net photosynthesis negative when PPFD is zero? Looking at the respiration data from Interpret the Data in Chapter 7, at what temperature do you think these data were collected? Source: Data based on unpublished research by Brent Ewers, University of Wyoming.
Match each term with its most suitable description. ____ PGAL formation a. absorbs light ____CO2 fixation b. converts light to chemical energy ____ autotroph c. self-feeder ____ ATP forms NADPH does not d. electrons cycle back to photosystem ____ photorespiration e. problem in C3 plants ____ photosynthesis f. Calvin-Benson cycle product ____ pigment g. water molecules split ____ photolysis in photosynthesis h. rubisco function
Describe the purpose of the light dependent reaction and light independent reaction (carbon fixation reaction) in photosynthesis. In addition, explain how the products of the light dependent reaction are used in the light independent reaction (carbon fixation reaction)
Adjusting the wavelength of light and increasing the temperature can increase the rate of photosynthesis. Using specifics, describe in detail the effect of wavelength and temperature on photosynthesis and why or how these 2 factors affect the creation of the molecules used in or produced by photosynthesis.
What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis? Discuss why (1) Sunlight and water are required for photosynthesis, and (2) Which molecule is reduced, and which is oxidized. Describe in detail the structure and function of the electron transport chain. Discuss how the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle act synergistically to produce food for plants.
• Describe the differences in color between the leaf which was fully exposed to sunlight and the one which was covered with black paper. • Where do the protons used in the light reactions come from? • What is the significance of light reaction? • What are the products of light reactions that are used in the Calvin cycle? • What are the roles of ATP and NADPH in photosynthesis?
Explain what occurs in the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis and list the principal products of the reactions
Briefly explain the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis: where does this take place, what are the reactants and what is produced?
Complete the following table to compare the electron-transport phase of cellular respiration with the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Which of the following best describes the products of the photochemical reactions of photosynthesis?A) NADH and ATP are made in the stromaB) NADPH and ATP are made in the stromaC) NADH and ATP are made in the thylakoid lumenD) NADPH is made in the stroma and ATP is made in the thylakoid lumenE) NADPH and ATP are made in the thylakoid lumen
Describe the flow of electrons through photosystems I and II in the noncyclic electron transport pathway and the products produced. Contrast this flow with cyclic electron transport.