Explain or Give conclusions abput the precipitation, identification and separation of Group I ANIONS ABORATEdroxides of heavy-metal ions.cedure 3. Precipitation of Group I Anions. To centrifugate (3) from Procedure 2. add 2F Ca(Ac)2Dy drop, until precipitation is complete. (4) Centrifuge.ontifugate contains anions of Group Il-V and is reserved for Procedure 7. Residue may beeesed of insoluble calcium salts of carbonate, sulfite, arsenite, arsenate, phosphate, oxalatefuoride ions. (5) Wash residue three fimes with water and discard washings. (6) Analyze residus directed in Procedure 4.rocedure 4. Separation of Group I Anions into Subgroups. To residue from Procedure 3 add 15 dropof 3 F HAC (7), stir thoroughly, and centrifuge.Centrifugate may contain sulfite, arsenite, arsenate, or phosphate ions. Analyze as directedProcedure 5 under Group IAlesidue which does not dissolve in HAC may be CaC2O4 or CaF2 or both. Analyze as directed inProcedure 6 under Group IB.rocedure 5. Idenfification of Group IA Anions. Centrifugate from Procedure 4 may contain sulfiarsenite, arsenate and phosphate ions. Divide into four portions and test as follows:Fist portion.AddFourth portion.dropsHThird portion.Second porlion.of Add 2 drops of water. Add 2 drops of # F HCI Adddropswater bath concentratedof for 2 min. (10) Add a few and 0.2g(a heapcrystals of KI. If the microspatulafulpreciplitate which Immediate formation solution tums brown, the solid tartaric acid.Concentrated HCI and % Heat to boiling and and heat indropsofBa(Ac)2. adddropsLentrifugate and discard thioacetamide.thesoufnave fomed. To of vellow precipitate presence of ARSENATE is Sfirops of H2O2. Formation of ARSENITE.whiteonfims the presence ofULFITEo cenmfugate add 5 confirms the presence indicated. (11) Add 20 thoroughly and aedrops of CClk and shake drops of ammonvigorously for 1 min. Pink molybdate solutiocolor in the CCl4 layer Warm (13) in a wprecipitatefurtherindicatesthe bathforFormation of yprecipitatethePHOSPHATEpresence of ARSENATE.copresence washings. (15) Divide into two portions and test as follows:COCO or Caf2 or both of these substances. Was twice with water and discardProcedure 6. Identification of Group IB Anions. Residue from Procedure 4 may bejolution. Disappearance of the residue on the watch glass and continue toAdd 10 drops of 1.5 H2SO4. Heat clean, clear watch glass. Heat watch glassmin. Add 2 drops of 0.01 F KMNO4 Add 1 drop of concentrated H2SO4 upon drywhile stiming in a water bath for 1 over a water bath until the residue is dry. (17)If the original prengrend solution or dirrohund ramninSecond portion. Transfer to the surface of aFirst portion.lor indicates the presence heat over a water bath for 5 min, Allow tostand for 20 min, then wash the glassof OXALATE. (16)thoroughly. Etching of the glass confirms thepresence of FLUORIDE. (18)Noles on the analysis of Group I Anionsnglysis of Group I Anions. The anions of Group I are divided into two subgroups byction of dilute acetic acid. Calcium fluoride and calcium oxalate are insoluble in 3Fhereas the other members of the group dissolve. The soluble subgroup shouldanalyzed immediately after the solution is effected. This subgroup contains the sulfitesenite ions which may be oxidized to sulfate and arsenate, by atmospheric oxygenanding.The addition of KCIO3 will oxidize the sulfite, sulfide, and thiosulfate ions, in ansolution, to the sulfate ion or free sulfur. These ions would otherwise produce gaseacids solution which might be mistaken for carbon dioxide in the tests for the carborThe presence of cations other than sodium, potassium and ammonium would prainterference in anion analysis. The heavy-metal cations are removed by the sccarbonate treatment described in procedure 2. This treatment adds the carbona1o the solution to be analyzed for anions; therefore, it is necessary to test for the presof the carbonate ion upon the original sample.The sodium carbonate treatment in Procedure 2 may be omitted if it is known theSodium, potassium or ammonium salts are present. If Procedure is omitted, dissolg'ớm of the original sample in 2 ml of water and analyze according to Procedure"Ihe prepared solution that is made according to Procedure 2, there will be cexcess of carbonate ions present which will precipitate at this point as white, gelccalcium carbonate. Heating tends to convert the gelatinous precipitate to aworkable consistency.e presence of an appreciable concentration of SO4 ions may cause the precipasO, with Group I anions. This precipitate is insoluble in strong acids.

Question

Explain or Give conclusions abput the precipitation, identification and separation of Group I ANIONS ABORATEdroxides of heavy-metal ions.cedure 3. Precipitation of Group I Anions. To centrifugate (3) from Procedure 2. add 2F Ca(Ac)2Dy drop, until precipitation is complete. (4) Centrifuge.ontifugate contains anions of Group Il-V and is reserved for Procedure 7. Residue may beeesed of insoluble calcium salts of carbonate, sulfite, arsenite, arsenate, phosphate, oxalatefuoride ions. (5) Wash residue three fimes with water and discard washings. (6) Analyze residus directed in Procedure 4.rocedure 4. Separation of Group I Anions into Subgroups. To residue from Procedure 3 add 15 dropof 3 F HAC (7), stir thoroughly, and centrifuge.Centrifugate may contain sulfite, arsenite, arsenate, or phosphate ions. Analyze as directedProcedure 5 under Group IAlesidue which does not dissolve in HAC may be CaC2O4 or CaF2 or both. Analyze as directed inProcedure 6 under Group IB.rocedure 5. Idenfification of Group IA Anions. Centrifugate from Procedure 4 may contain sulfiarsenite, arsenate and phosphate ions. Divide into four portions and test as follows:Fist portion.AddFourth portion.dropsHThird portion.Second porlion.of Add 2 drops of water. Add 2 drops of # F HCI Adddropswater bath concentratedof for 2 min. (10) Add a few and 0.2g(a heapcrystals of KI. If the microspatulafulpreciplitate which Immediate formation solution tums brown, the solid tartaric acid.Concentrated HCI and % Heat to boiling and and heat indropsofBa(Ac)2. adddropsLentrifugate and discard thioacetamide.thesoufnave fomed. To of vellow precipitate presence of ARSENATE is Sfirops of H2O2. Formation of ARSENITE.whiteonfims the presence ofULFITEo cenmfugate add 5 confirms the presence indicated. (11) Add 20 thoroughly and aedrops of CClk and shake drops of ammonvigorously for 1 min. Pink molybdate solutiocolor in the CCl4 layer Warm (13) in a wprecipitatefurtherindicatesthe bathforFormation of yprecipitatethePHOSPHATEpresence of ARSENATE.copresence washings. (15) Divide into two portions and test as follows:COCO or Caf2 or both of these substances. Was twice with water and discardProcedure 6. Identification of Group IB Anions. Residue from Procedure 4 may bejolution. Disappearance of the residue on the watch glass and continue toAdd 10 drops of 1.5 H2SO4. Heat clean, clear watch glass. Heat watch glassmin. Add 2 drops of 0.01 F KMNO4 Add 1 drop of concentrated H2SO4 upon drywhile stiming in a water bath for 1 over a water bath until the residue is dry. (17)If the original prengrend solution or dirrohund ramninSecond portion. Transfer to the surface of aFirst portion.lor indicates the presence heat over a water bath for 5 min, Allow tostand for 20 min, then wash the glassof OXALATE. (16)thoroughly. Etching of the glass confirms thepresence of FLUORIDE. (18)Noles on the analysis of Group I Anionsnglysis of Group I Anions. The anions of Group I are divided into two subgroups byction of dilute acetic acid. Calcium fluoride and calcium oxalate are insoluble in 3Fhereas the other members of the group dissolve. The soluble subgroup shouldanalyzed immediately after the solution is effected. This subgroup contains the sulfitesenite ions which may be oxidized to sulfate and arsenate, by atmospheric oxygenanding.The addition of KCIO3 will oxidize the sulfite, sulfide, and thiosulfate ions, in ansolution, to the sulfate ion or free sulfur. These ions would otherwise produce gaseacids solution which might be mistaken for carbon dioxide in the tests for the carborThe presence of cations other than sodium, potassium and ammonium would prainterference in anion analysis. The heavy-metal cations are removed by the sccarbonate treatment described in procedure 2. This treatment adds the carbona1o the solution to be analyzed for anions; therefore, it is necessary to test for the presof the carbonate ion upon the original sample.The sodium carbonate treatment in Procedure 2 may be omitted if it is known theSodium, potassium or ammonium salts are present. If Procedure is omitted, dissolg'ớm of the original sample in 2 ml of water and analyze according to Procedure&#34;Ihe prepared solution that is made according to Procedure 2, there will be cexcess of carbonate ions present which will precipitate at this point as white, gelccalcium carbonate. Heating tends to convert the gelatinous precipitate to aworkable consistency.e presence of an appreciable concentration of SO4 ions may cause the precipasO, with Group I anions. This precipitate is insoluble in strong acids.

Accepted Answer

The objective of the question is to explain the precipitation, identification, and separation of…